North Carolina in Depression and War

1
North Carolina in Depression and War

• Chapter 22

2
The Great Depression

• Depression a downturn in economic activity
• Sales of goods and prices fall
• Banks fail, and
• People lose their jobs

3
Causes of the Depression

• Agriculture declined weakening the economy
• Farmers were unable to repay bank loans
• Businesses had fewer sales
• economist studies the economy

4
Black Thursday

• Occurred on October 24, 1929 the stock market
  crashed
• NYSE largest stock market

5
NC in the Depression

• In North Carolina, agriculture was the hardest
  hit
• Most profitable industries
• Tobacco
• Electrical power
• Telephone
• Chemical
• Paper companies

6
Easing the Burden

• To help the unemployed, Governor Gardner created
  the Live-at-Home program. This program
  encouraged farmers to
• Grow gardens
• Can food, and
• Raise the necessities that they usually bought at
  the store

7

• Jane McKimmon showed farm wives how to can food

8
The New Deal

• Under President Franklin Roosevelt, Congress
  passed laws known as the New Deal, to bring
  about
• Economic recovery
• Relieve the suffering of the unemployed
• Reform defects in the economy, and
• Improve society

9

• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) provided price
  supports for farm products
• Wagner Act guaranteed workers the right of
  collective bargaining

10
Relief

• Public works projects were created to help the
  economy recover by helping the unemployed

11

• Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided
  jobs by building schools, parks, roads, and
  airports
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided jobs
  for young men to preserve soil and purify water
• Social Security Act provided old-age
  benefits/insurance from taxes paid by workers and
  employees

12
Economic Reforms

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
  insured depositors accounts in banks

13
Social Improvement

• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) built
  hydroelectric dams on the Tennessee River and its
  tributaries
• Fontana dam/lake the highest dam and longest
  lake in NC

14
The Second World War

• International relations worsened as
• Japan
• Italy
• Germany, and
• the Soviet Union
• tried to expand their power and territory

15

• Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini led Italy to
  take over countries in Africa and the Balkans
• German dictator, Adolf Hitler seized much of
  Europe by 1940

16
The War Begins

• World War II began on September 1, 1939, when
  Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, Canada
  and South Africa declared war on Germany
• Lend-lease aid the lending or leasing of weapons
  to Britain, during WWII, when they ran out of cash

17
America Enters the War

• On Dec. 8, 1941, after the bombing at Pearl
  Harbor on Dec. 7, the United States entered WWII
• Dutch East Indies - Indonesia

18
NC in WWII

• NC was the site for many training bases located
  at
• Fort Bragg (largest artillery post)
• Camp Lejeune
• Camp Mackall
• Camp Battle
• Cherry Point Marine Air Base, and many others

19

• Cape Hatteras became known as Torpedo Junction,
  because so many ships were sunk by German
  submarines
• Mica used in electronic parts
• Shipyards in NC
• Wilmington
• New Bern
• Elizabeth City

20

• Many goods were rationed, because they were in
  short supply
• Some goods that were rationed are
• Meat
• Butter
• Canned goods
• Gas
• Shoes
• Tires
• Coffee, and
• Sugar