Computer Network Construction

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Computer Network Construction

• M. Sc. Juan Carlos Olivares Rojas

juancarlosolivares_at_hotmail.com jcolivar_at_itmorelia.
edu.mx http//antares.itmorelia.edu.mx/jcolivar/
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Outline

• Needs of Computer Networks
• Criteria for Computer Networks
• Computer Network Planning
• Network Design
• Hardware and Software Selection
• Assembly of the Network
• Network Applications
• Internet Conections

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Objectives

• Construct a Computer Network Infrastructure using
  Structured Cabling Systems
• Competences
• Making cables
• Installing devices
• Setup Computer, Host and Devices
• Computer Network Planning

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Needs of Computer Networks

• The first step in the construction of a Computer
  Network is the evaluation of what services must
  provide the network infraestructure.
• The networks are diferent in homes, offices,
  enterprises, academic, etc.

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Criteria for Computer Networks

• Exist a lot of criteria for constructing a
  Computer Network such as
• Transfer a lot of Data (Bandwith)
• Communication of Long Distances (WAN)
• Transfer data quickly (High Speed Networks)
• Low cost (Ethernet)
• Multiple users (Segmentation)

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Computer Network Planning

• The planning process in general is dificult.
• Planning consist in three principal activities
• Itinerary (Tasks, Subtask)
• Estimation (Time, Cost and Assign Role)
• Tracking (control)
• Whats the problem?

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Network Design

• The main problem in the construction of a
  computer network is the network modelling but not
  since logical point of view. We need consider the
  physical view.
• Its important to develop a plan design of
  network. We need to know how is the physical
  construction when the newtork will be implemented
  (We need the architectonic plan)

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Activity

• We need to construct a Computing Laboratory for
  this school in this classroom.
• The needs and criteria are 25 PC (1 Server,
  Professor Machine), using Offimatic, Business,
  Languages and Mathematical Software.
• Construct de the network planning and network
  design of this network.

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Hardware and Software Selection

• Its a process totally dependet of Network
  Budget.
• We not spare cost in hardware infrastructure.
• The cabling system have an aproximate duration of
  10 years (Actually We must construct using Cat 6
  UTP for Example)

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Assembly of the Network

• This process consist in the implementation and
  setup of hardware and software for the computer
  network infraestructure.
• For these situation, we need to known and apply
  an Structured Cabling System.

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Structured Cabling System

• Components of Structured Cabling
• Working Area
• Horizontal Cabling
• Backbone (Vertical) Cabling
• Main Telecomunication Center
• Intermedial Telecomunication Center
• Incomming Services.

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Structured Cable System

• Planning of Structured
• Electricity and Ground Conection Regulation
• Solutions to drop voltages.
• Security Normativity
• Network Documentation
• Logs
• Diagrams.
• Labeling Cables
• Cable and Power Outlet Abstract
• Devices, MAC and IP Addresses
• Other resources

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Cableado estructurado

• Es una metodología para diseñar e instalar de
  manera adecuada redes de comunicación,
  particularmente, redes de computadoras.
• Define más que una simple estructura o forma de
  realizar cableados de casas y empresas. Forma un
  estándar para simplificar las cosas. Se centra en
  la fase de planeación, instalación y expansión de
  la red.
• Its called Layer 0

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Whats the problem?
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Safety Procedures

• Safety is the primary concern.
• General safety precautions, while working with
  network building materials - both electrical and
  construction.

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Structured Cabling Systems

• A Structured Cabling System is a cabling and
  connectivity products that integrates data,
  voice, video and various management system of a
  building

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Benefits of Structured Cabling System

• Redundancy at design stage reduces downtime
  repair time
• Ease of fault location repair
• Flexibility, expandability modular connecting
  platform
• Ease of moves, adds and changes
• Enhanced end-use understanding and control
• Significant long term cost containment

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Cable Distribution System

• Cable Tray
• Raised Floor
• Conduit
• Hung Ceiling / False Ceiling

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Elements of a Structured Cabling System
Figure 1
Figure 1
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Structured Cabling Components
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Work Flow

• installing outlets
• installing jacks
• running cables
• punching cables into patch panels
• testing cables
• documenting cables

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Work Flow (cont)

• installing NICs
• installing hubs, switches, bridges, and routers
• configuring routers
• installing and configuring PCs

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Place Copper Wires into a Jack
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Documenting Cable Runs

• A cut sheet
• is a rough diagram that shows the locations of
  the cable runs.
• indicates the numbers of the classrooms, offices,
  or other rooms, to which the cables have been
  run.
• to place corresponding numbers on all
  telecommunications outlets and at the patch panel
  in the wiring closet.

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TIA/EIA-606 for Labeling Cables

• Labeling
• NO terms such as "Mr. Zimmerman's math class," or
  "Ms. Thome's art class".
• incorporate room numbers in the label information
  
• incorporate color coding
• For example, a blue label might identify
  horizontal cabling at the wiring closet only,
  while a green label might identify cabling at the
  work area. 
• mark the cable three times, approximately 60 cm
  apart
• Allow enough cable for the ends to reach all the
  way to each jack location, plus enough excess or
  slack to reach the floor and extend another 60-90
  cm.
• Do not cut the cables unless they have a label.

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mounting cables in raceway

• decorative raceway
• presents a more finished appearance
• gutter raceway
• a less attractive alternative to decorative
  raceway.
• mounted with adhesive backing or with screws

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SAFETY RULES

• turn off power to all circuits that might pass
  through those work areas
• Never, ever, touch power cables
• learn the locations of all fire extinguishers in
  the area.
• Long pants and sleeves help protect your arms and
  legs. Avoid wearing excessively loose or baggy
  clothing.

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SAFETY RULES (cont)

• protect your eyes with safety glasses
• If you anticipate working in a dropped ceiling
  area, survey the area.
• Follow building safety codes

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Supporting Horizontal Cables

• wall-mounted gutter
• tie-wraps
• ladder rack
• Tools
• A telepole
• is nothing more than a telescoping pole with a
  hook at one end to hold the cable.
• is used to string cable across a dropped ceiling
  or attic quickly.
• fishing cable
• When you pull cable up through a wall, you
  ordinarily work from an attic or dropped ceiling
  space

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Wiring Closets

• the equipment in a wiring closet includes
• patch panels
• wiring hubs
• bridges
• switches
• routers

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Network Operating Test

• The baseline
• is a record of your network's starting point or
  newly installed performance capabilities.
• Continue to test your network on a regular basis
  in order to ensure that it performs at its peak
• A cable tester is a hand held device that can
  certify that cable meets the required IEEE and
  TIA/EIA standards.

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Cable Tester

• determine cable distance
• locate bad connections
• provide wire maps for detecting crossed pairs
• measure signal attenuation
• measure near-end crosstalk 
• detect split pairs 
• perform noise level tests 
• trace cable behind walls 

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Cable Tester (Cont)
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Conexión de cables
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Jack
El jack es el componente femenino en un
dispositivo de red, toma de pared o panel de
conexión.
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Jack
Para que la electricidad fluya entre el conector
y el jack, el orden de los hilos debe seguir el
código de colores T568A, o T568B recomendado en
los estándares EIA/TIA-568-B.1
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Configuración
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Conexión directa

• Utilice cables de conexión directa para el
  siguiente cableado
• Switch a router
• Switch a PC o servidor
• Hub a PC o servidor

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Conexión Cruzada

• Utilice cables de conexión cruzada para el
  siguiente cableado
• Switch a switch
• Switch a hub
• Hub a hub
• Router a router
• PC a PC
• Router a PC

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CABLE TESTER.
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We all have some ugly wiring
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Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

• Labeling is a key to reduce work later

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Fiber Optic Cable Construction

• Fiber has bend radius issues

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Fiber Optic Cable Construction

• Leave slack loops

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Cutting, Striping Crimping Tools
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Punching Tool
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Cabling Rules

• Try to avoid running cables parallel to power
  cables.
• Do not bend cables to less than four times the
  diameter of the cable.
• If you bundle a group of cables together with
  cable ties (zip ties), do not over-cinch
  them. You should be able to turn the tie with
  fingers.
• Keep cables away from devices which can introduce
  noise into them. Here's a short list copy
  machines, electric heaters, speakers, printers,
  TV sets, fluorescent lights, copiers, welding
  machines, microwave ovens, telephones, fans,
  elevators, motors, electric ovens, dryers,
  washing machines, and shop equipment.
• Avoid stretching UTP cables (tension when pulling
  cables should not exceed 25 LBS).
• Do not run UTP cable outside of a building.  It
  presents a very dangerous lightning hazard!
• Do not use a stapler to secure UTP cables.  Use
  telephone wire/RJ6 coaxial wire hangers which are
  available at most hardware stores.

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Standards

• Exist a lot of normativity and best practices for
  the correct construction of cables
• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B
• ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A
• ANSI/TIA/EIA-607
• ANSI/TIA/EIA-570-A
• ISO/IEC 11801

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Subsystem of a Structured Cabling System

• Horizontal Cabling
• Cable from patch panel to work area
• Telco outlets
• Cable terminations
• Cross-connections
• One transition point
• Maximum length 100 meters
• 90 meters for cable
• 10 meters for 2 patch cables

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Cabling Subsystem cont.

• Entrance Facility
• Point in the building where cable interfaces with
  the outside world
• May share the space with the equipment room

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Structured Cabling in SOHO
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IBM Cable Types

• Type 1A
• Type 2A
• Type 3
• Type 5
• Type 6
• Type 8
• Type 9

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IBM Data Connector
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SEGMENTACIÓN

• Existen dos razones principales para
  segmentar o dividir una LAN.
• Aislar el tráfico entre segmentos.
• Obtener más ancho de banda por usuario para crear
  dominios de colisiones pequeños.
• Si no existiera la segmentación, las
  grandes redes LAN rápidamente serian invadidas
  por tráfico y colisiones, y provocaría
  virtualmente en falta de ancho de banda. Los
  dispositivos como bridges, switches y ruteadores
  segmentan la red LAN.

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SEGMENTACIÓN
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SEGMENTACIÓNBridge

• Es usada la segmentación usando bridge para
  proporcionar mayor ancho de banda.
• El bridge permite sólo la información que tienen
  destinación fuera del segmento.
• Aprende una segmentación de red para construir
  tablas de direcciones que contienen las
  direcciones de cada dispositivo de red dentro del
  segmento.

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SEGMENTACIÓNBridge
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SEGMENTACIÓNSwitch

• El propósito de la segmentación usando switch es
  que es fácil reducir los cuellos de botella de
  red.
• Un switch segmenta una LAN dentro de
  microsegmentos.
• El switch determina cual es la acción a tomar
  sobre la información si esta localizada en otro
  segmento, la información se transfiere o switchea
  a otra destinación.

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SEGMENTACIÓNSwitch
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SEGMENTACIÓNRouter

• Los ruteadores crean los mayores niveles de
  segmentación debido a su habilidad de realizar
  determinaciones exactas de donde enviar la
  información al usar su tabla de ruteo.

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SEGMENTACIÓNRouter
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Network Applications

• The network applications is the last past in the
  construction of computer networks.

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Internet Conections

• Actually conects to other networks is cruatil in
  many home and organizations specially with
  Internet.
• We need to rent a contract with a Internet
  Service Provider to connect with remote networks.

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References

• Forouzan, B. (2008), Data Comunications and
  Networking, 4th. Edition, McGraw-Hill.
• Tanenbaum, A (2004). Computer Networks. 4th
  Edition. Prentice Hall.
• Kurose, J. and Ross, K. (2007) Computer
  Networking A Top Down Approach 4th edition.
  Addison-Wesley, July 2007.

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Preguntas?