Captulo 12: gramtica I

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Capítulo 12 gramática I

• El subjuntivo con verbos y frases de emoción,
  opinión y recomendación

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What you already know about the subjunctive mood

• Its not a tense, i.e. does not refer to time,
  rather it is a mood.
• You have learned the present tense of the
  subjunctive.
• The present subjunctive is used only in special
  cases.

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When to use the subjunctive mood

• When you have a sentence made up of two phrases,
  joined together by que.
• When the subject of the first phrase is different
  from the subject of the second phrase.
• When in the first phrase there is a key verb or
  phrase to provoke the use of the subjunctive.

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When to use the subjunctive mood

• So far weve seen? verbs of volition or
  persuasion
• those verbs where someone is imposing their will
  on someone or something else
• recomendar, querer, preferir, prohibir, insistir
  en que,
• Juan recomienda que nosotros vayamos de
  vacaciones este mes.
• In the sentence above
• What is the subjunctive form used?
• What is the verb that this form comes from?
• What are the three reasons why the subjunctive
  form is used in this sentence?

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More instances to use the subjunctive

• In addition to verbs of volition, the
  subjunctive is also used with verbs that express
  an emotion or some kind of an opinion.

• alegrarse (de) to be glad (about)
• esperar to hope
• gustar to be pleasing to
• molestar to bother
• preocuparse (de) to be worried (about)
• quejarse (de) to complain (about)
• sentir (ie) to be sorry
• sorprender to surprise
• tener miedo (de) to be afraid (of)

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Subjunctive with verbs of emotion

• Nos alegramos de que las vacaciones vengan
  pronto.
• La profesora espera que todos sus estudiantes
  lean esta presentación.
• A la profesora no le gusta que sus estudiantes no
  hagan sus tareas.
• Los estudiantes se preocupan de que la profesora
  les dé una prueba muy difícil.
• Los estudiantes se quejan de que la profesora les
  asigne mucha tarea.
• La profe siente que sus estudiantes no puedan ir
  a muchas fiestas.
• A la profe le sorprende que sus estudiantes
  hablen tan bien el español.
• Todos nosotros tenemos miedo de que no haya tanto
  tiempo para las vacaciones.

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More contexts to use the subjunctive Impersonal
expressions

• Following are some common impersonal expressions
  that may require the use of the subjunctive.

• es preferible que its preferable (that)
• es bueno /malo que its good/bad (that)
• es importante its important (that)
• es (im)posible its impossible (that)
• es lógico its logical (that)
• es mejor its better (that)
• es necesario its necessary (that)
• es ridículo its ridiculous (that)
• es una lástima its a shame (that)

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More contexts to use the subjunctive Impersonal
expressions

• Notice that these impersonal expressions carry
  special meanings, namely volition or emotion.
  Consider the following
• Recomiendo que Juan visite a sus padres.
• Es importante que Juan visite a sus padres
• Notice that while using different words, each of
  the above sentences express essentially the same
  meaning (volition) that someone wants Juan to
  visit his parents.
• The difference is that in the first case, I am
  specifically stating that I recommend that Juan
  visit his parents, and in the second case, I
  dont own that recommendation. I just state
  that its important that

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More contexts to use the subjunctive Impersonal
expressions

• When you consider the impersonal expressions
  presented, you will notice that each expresses
  either volition/persuasion or emotion/opinion.
• Write each of the following expressions on your
  paper and next to each write V if its meaning
  represents volition/persuasion or E if it
  expresses an emotion/opinion.

• es preferible que es bueno /malo que
• es importante que es (im)posible que
• es lógico que es mejor que
• es necesario que es ridículo que
• es una lástima que

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More contexts to use the subjunctive Impersonal
expressions

• The rules about when to use impersonal
  expressions with the subjunctive are then the
  same as those that you have already learned for
  other verbs.
• There must be a complex sentence made of two
  parts
• The impersonal expression must express one of the
  key meanings to trigger the subjunctive
  volition/persuasion, or emotion/opinion
• es bueno que, es necesario que, es importante
  que
• The sentence must have two parts an impersonal
  expression a second phrase with a subject and a
  conjugated verb and both parts must be linked by
  a conjunction, i.e. que
• Es importante que nosotros nos divirtamos en
  clase.

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When not to use the subjunctive with impersonal
expressions

• If the conditions for subjunctive are not met
• Es importante tomar las vacaciones cada año.
• Here we use the expression the verb tomar in
  the infinitive because there is no explicit
  subject for this verb. The translation is Its
  important to take a vacation each year. The
  sentence does not specify that you, me, we, or
  they should take a vacation. Since we do not have
  a specific subject for the verb tomar, we do not
  have a complex sentence, we do not need the
  conjunction que and we therefore do not use the
  subjunctive.
• The above example contrasts with the following
• Es importante que Juan tome las vacaciones cada
  año.
• Here we do have a subjecto for the verb tomar.
  This sentence does not state that it is generally
  important for anyone to take a vacation, but
  rather it states that it is important that
  specifically Juan take the vacation.

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One more context for the subjunctive

• There is another phrase that expresses a desire
  with which we use the subjunctive
• Ojalá que
• It is an idiom originally from Arabic
• Oh Allah (may God grant)
• Translates to English as
• I/we hope
• Lets hope
• If only

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One more context for the subjunctive

• The subjunctive is always used with Ojalá
• Ojalá que no haya clases mañana.
• Ojalá que haga buen tiempo mañana.
• Ojalá que mis padres no me visiten este fin de
  semana.

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Manos a la obra!

• Translate the sentences on the next slide into
  Spanish. You must decide if the sentence requires
  the subjunctive or not, so take a moment to
  recall the rules for using the subjunctive.

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Translate into Spanish

• We are worried that San Marcos has too much
  congestion.
• Its necessary to grow more trees.
• They complain that there is no public
  transportation in San Marcos.
• Its logical that Miguel wants to move to the
  country.
• Lets hope that we lead a peaceful life.
• I dont like traffic.
• It bothers us that San Diego is a metropolis.
• Im sorry that we cant control the
  overpopulation.