JAPAN: Foreign Relations

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JAPAN Foreign Relations Defense
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Key Issues 1)

• 1. Following the US with frustration
• a) China Policy 1972
• b) Weak Diplomacy on Okinawa US Base
• 2. The Lack of Principles
• a) Foreign Aid Policy Democracy
• b) South Africa during Apartheid
• 3. Weak Intelligence
• a) Soviet Military Coup against Gorbachev

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Key Issues 2)

• 4. Inward Looking Diplomats
• Meet Japanese Politicians rather than US VIP
• 5. Revisionists
• Rational, Right Wing
• 6. Misperception US role in the Japanese
  security
  
• Security Treaty, Base, Atomic Bomb
• 7. World War II Legacy
• 8. Trade Surplus Economic Imperialism?

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Foreign Political Relations

• 1. Geopolitics
• a) Island Nation located in the cold spot and
  then hot spot
  
• b) Nationalism Natural National Border
• c) Poor Natural Resources

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History

• a) Mongolian Attack Divine Wind Kamikaze
• b) No colonial experience
• c) Meiji Rich Nation Strong Army
• d) Colonization The Greater East Asia
  Co-Prosperity Sphere
  
• (1) Taiwan
• (2) Korea
• (3) Manchuria

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World War II Legacy in Asia

• (1) Textbook Issues
• (a) Advance vs Aggression
• (2) Comfort Women
• (3) Nanjing Massacre

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Japan-China Relations

• a) Normalization 1972 Nixon and Tanaka
• b) Special Historical Relationship
• c) Japanese Left and China
• d) Current IT industrial development

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Japan-Soviet (Russia) Relations

• Russians negative image
• (1) Russo-Japan war
• (2) Soviet advance after the surrender 600,000
  POW
  
• (3) Northern Territory Issue Kurile

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Japan and the Third World

• a) JICA aid
• b) Racism South Africa

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Relations with the United States

• a) The Cold War ally
• b) Korea War Vietnam War big demand
• c) 1970s relation turned tense economy
• d) Nixon China Gold Rise of Yen values
• e) 1980s trade conflicts
• f) 1990s Asian economic crisis

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Security Issues

• a) Ambivalence free rider threat
• b) Japans GNP 1 policy
• c) The Mutual Security Treaty For whom?

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3. Development Assistance

• a) ODA No.1 since 1988
• b) Tied to its own economic development?

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Technical Cooperation

• a) Military and Civilian technology
• b) Better F-15?
• c) FSX issue technonationalism
• d) Japanese civilian technology in Gulf War

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The Nuclear Issue

• a) Nuclear Power Generation technonationalism
  
  
• b) Nuclear Fusion and recent accidents
• c) Public opposition Nuclear allergy

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Foreign Economic Relations

• a) 1973 Oil Shock used for improving efficiency
• b) Non-Tariff Barrier NTB Japanese custom
• c) US Market and US interest
• d) Rabbit hutch mentality High satisfaction
  low consumption
  
• e) Image of quality of domestic brand CD players

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International Trade Pressures

• a) Stock exchange closed for long time until
  1985
  
• d) Who is forcing to buy? American consumer
  minds
  
• e) Weak open academic research
• f) Super 301 Republican but tough on Japan
• g) Structural Impediments Initiative in the
  1980s
  
• h) Is Japan wrong?

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Defense

• 1. The Myth of Japanese military power
• 2. Defense Equipment, Business, Ideology
• 3. Mongolian invasion The Opium War

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From Hot War to Cold War

• 1. Article 9 by the United States GHQ
• 2. Change of International atmosphere
• 3. the Korean War
• 4. 1950 Police Reserve
• 5. 1954 SDF
• 6. Various opinions toward SDF even within LDP

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The Japanese Defense Establishment

• a) 1951 the Mutual Security Treaty
• b) untested military in real fight
• c) 1976 1 of GNP ceiling
• d) 3rd Largest Military spending

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Organization of the Military

• a) Quarter of million personnel
• b) 90 of equipment produced domestically
• c) Advanced Front-line equipment
• d) Shortage of Ammunitions
• e) Subsidizing American forces in Japan
• f) nuclear allergy Three Non-Nuclear
  Principles no manufacture, no introduction, no
  possession

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Projecting Japanese Military Power

• a) PM Suzuki and Nakasone 1980s Sea lanes
  1000 miles
  
• b) Nakasone Unsinkable Aircraft Career

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Japan and International Peacekeeping Operations

• 1. The Gulf War in 1991 No thanks to Japan while
  13 billion contribution checkbook diplomacy
  
• 2. PKO under UN charter
• 3. PKF Peace Senility

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Constraints on Expanding the Military

• 1. Public Opinion
• a) SDF as Disaster relief agency or worse Snow
  Festival
  
• 2. Article 9
• a) Avoidance of Rule on Constitutionality of
  SDF
  
• 3. Budget Constraints
• a) 1 1.006 in 1989

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Japanese Strategy in the 21st Century

• 1. North Koreas Nuclear capability
• 2. Tepodon Missile and vulnerability
• 3. Yasukuni Shrine Issues