LAB 2 Lotic Fishes

1
LAB 2Lotic Fishes Obligate Riparian Wildlife
of the Pacific Coastal Ecoregion
2
Salmonidae

• Anadromy adult migrates to the sea for feeding,
  and returns to freshwater for reproduction.
• Homing -- the strong tendency to reproduce at the
  natal site.
• Semelparity -- senescence and mortality after the
  first season of reproduction.

3
Body morphology
4
Life history forms

• Anadromous migrate from saltwater to freshwater
  to spawn
• Nonmigratory complete lifecycle in natal stream
• Fluvial Live, feed, and mature in mainstem of
  rivers, migrate to tributaries to spawn
• Adfluvial Live, feed mature in lakes, migrate
  to streams to spawn

5
Abundance

• Greatest Abundance
• -Pink
• -Chum
• -Sockeye
• Lesser Abundance
• -Chinook
• -Coho

6
Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
7
Chinook

• Juveniles spend 3-12 months in freshwater, rear
  in sloughs and side-channels
• Adults spend 2-4 yrs in ocean
• Spawn in mainstem reaches
• Have black gums
• Largest Pacific salmon

8
Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
9
Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
10
Coho

• Juveniles spend 1 year in freshwater, eat lots
  of terrestrial inverts are very territorial
• Adults spend 1-2 years in ocean
• Spawn in smaller rivers, tributaries
• Have white gums

11
Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch )
12
Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch )
13
Chum (Oncorhynchus keta)
14
Chum

• Juveniles migrate to estuaries within a few days
  of emergence
• Adults spend 2-3 years in ocean
• Found in most small coastal streams side
  channels of larger rivers

15
Chum (Oncorhynchus keta )
16
Chum (Oncorhynchus keta)
17
Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka)
18
Sockeye

• Juveniles spend 1-2 years in freshwater, mostly
  lakes
• Adults spend 1-4 years in ocean
• Spawn in variety of habitats rivers, streams,
  beaches and bottoms of lakes
• Landlocked (non-anadromous) form kokanee

19
Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka)
20
Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka)
21
Pink/Humpy (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)
22
Pink

• Juveniles migrate to estuaries immediately after
  emerging, enter ocean after 3 mo.
• Adults spend 2 years in ocean
• Smallest Pacific salmon
• Spawn in larger coastal rivers, usually found in
  lower portion of the watershed

23
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
24
Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki)
25
Cutthroat

• Coastal subspecies is anadromous
• Also nonmigratory, fluvial adfluvial forms
• Found in large and small lakes and streams

26
Steelhead/Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
27
Steelhead/Rainbow

• Steelhead anadromous form (1-4 yrs in ocean),
  Rainbow non-anadromous (nonmigratory, fluvial,
  adfluvial)
• Prefer fast-moving water in rivers, tributaries
  and lakes
• Spawn in spring and winter

28
Charr (Salvelinus spp.)
29
Charr

• Family Salmonidae
• Anadromous, nonmigratory, fluvial and adfluvial
  forms
• Typically benthic feeders
• Spawn in tributary streams

30
(Charr) Salvelinus spp.
31
Whitefish (Prosopium spp.)
32
Whitefish

• Family Salmonidae
• Fluvial
• Spawn in fall
• Dont build redds

33
Prosopium spp.
34
Sculpin (Cottus spp)
35
Sculpin

• Very speciose family (Cottidae)
• Usually found in small streams/lakes (especially
  coastal streams)
• Can be migratory
• Male guards eggs

36
Longnose Dace (Rhinichthys cataractae)
37
Minnows (e.g. Longnose Dace)

• Family Cyprinidae
• Nonmigratory
• Found in small stream riffles
• Lay adhesive eggs
• Eat chironomids

38
Rhinichthys cataractae
39
Longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus)
40
Suckers

• Family Catostomidae
• Nonmigratory
• Found in cold, clear lakes and tributaries
• Bottom feeding plankton and invertebrates

41
Longnose sucker(Catostomus catostomus )
42
Olympic Mudminnow (Novumbra hubbsi)
43
Mudminnows

• Family Umbridae
• Nonmigratory
• Lay adhesive eggs (adhere to aquatic vegetation)
• Found in slow, marshy streams, bogs, swamps and
  ponds with little flow and dense vegetation

44
Sturgeon (Acipenser spp.)
45
Sturgeon

• Family Acipenseridae
• Anadromous
• Largest bony fish in the world
• Prefer large rivers with swift currents and rocky
  bottoms
• Benthic feeders

46
Acipenser spp.
47
Lamprey (Lampetra spp.)
48
Lamprey

• Family Petromyzontidae
• Anadromous
• Spawn in riffles, die after spawning
• Found in low gradient streams

49
Lampetra spp.
50
Burbot (Lota lota)
51
Burbot/eelpout

• Family Gadidae
• Found in deep water of rivers and lakes
• Piscivorous
• Spawn in late winter at night in writhing masses
  in shallow water

52
Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
53
Stickleback

• Family Gasterosteidae
• Male digs nest, lines it with veg using glue from
  kidneys, prods female to lay eggs, chases her
  away, guards eggs young
• Found in slow streams
• Benthic feeders

54
Common loon (Gavia immer)
55
Barrows goldeneye (Bucephalia islandica)
56
Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus)
57
Common merganser (Mergus merganser)
58
Belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon)
59
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
60
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)
61
American dipper (Cinclus mexicanus)
62
Painted turtle (Chrysemys picta)
63
Aquatic garter snake (Thamnophis atratus)
64
Water shrew (Sorex palustris)
65
Fringed Myotis (Myotis thysanodes)
66
Muskrat (Odatra zibethicus)
67
Beaver (Castor canadensis)
68
River otter (Lutra canadensis)
69
Mink (Mustela vison)
70
Columbia White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virgianus
leucurus)
71
Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti)