Reproductive Biology BI399

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Reproductive BiologyBI-399

• Lecture 2
• Introduction to Vertebrates

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Scope

• Integrative approach to vertebrate reproductive
  biology
• Development and differentiation
• Anatomy and cytology
• Hormone structure and function
• Gametogenesis and fertilization
• Modes of parity
• Reproductive cyclicity
• Behavior

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Background - Vertebrates

• What are vertebrates?
• Four chordate features
• Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
• Notochord
• Pharyngeal gill slits
• Post-anal tail

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Vertebrate phylogeny
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Superclass Agnatha

• Class Myxini
• Hagfishes
• marine
• Class Cephalaspidomorphi
• Lampreys
• freshwater

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Class Chondrichthyes

• Cartilaginous fishes
• about 950 species
• Subclass Elasmobranchii
• Sharks, skates, rays, etc.
• includes the largest fish (whale shark )
• Paired appendages
• No bony skeleton
• support from cartilage
• No swim bladder
• Subclass Holocephali
• Chimaeras and rat fishes

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Chondrichthyes
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Chondrichthyes
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Class Osteichthyes

• Bony fishes
• Subclass Actinopterygii
• Ray-finned fishes
• Includes
• Chondrostei
• Sturgeon, paddlefishes, bichirs, and reed fishes
• Neopterygii
• Teleostei the largest vertebrate group
• About 22,000 species

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Osteichthyes
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Class Amphibia

• Order Gymnophiona
• Caecilians
• Worm-like amphibians
• Order Caudata (Urodela)
• Salamanders and newts
• Tailed amphibians with four, equal-sized
  appendages
• Order Anura
• Frogs and toads
• Tailless amphibians with hindlimbs larger than
  forelimbs

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Amphibia
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Class Reptilia

• Order Testudines (Chelonia)
• turtles and tortoises
• Order Sphenodonta
• tuatara
• Order Squamata
• lizards and snakes
• Order Crocodylia
• alligators and crocodiles

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Reptilia
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Class Aves

• Birds
• Feathered reptiles with many modifications

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Aves
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Class Mammalia

• Subclass Prototheria
• Order Monotremata
• Egg-laying mammals
• echidna and platypus
• Subclass Theria
• Infraclass Marsupialia
• Marsupials
• 242 species
• Infraclass Eutheria
• Placental mammals
• 4,300 species

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Mammalia