Key Concepts

1
Key Concepts

• Compensation theory
• Constraints to leisure
• Flow
• Generational groupings
• Leisure motives
• Leisure service organizations

• Life satisfaction
• Quality of life
• Spillover theory
• Work
• Well-being
• Lifestyle management

2
Leisure Motivations

• Mitchell and Mason
• Roger Callois
• Market Research

3
Motivations

• Mason and Mitchell (Mitchell and Mason)
• These two Americans developed a three-fold
  classification system in the late 1930s that is
  still relevant today. They divided activities
  into the categories of motor (locomotion and
  handling objects), sensory and intellectual.

4
Motivations

• Mason and Mitchell (Mitchell and Mason)
• Motor (Locomotion) walking, running, dancing,
  jumping, diving, skating, climbing, etc.
• Motor (Handling Objects)catching, throwing,
  pulling, pushing, lifting, etc.
• Sensoryauditory, visual, olfactory, tactile
• Intellectualcognitive play, recreation

5
Motivations

• Roger Caillois
• This French sociologist analyzed games and his
  research is often use in the broader category of
  leisure activities and recreation. Caillois
  concluded that there were four basic types of
  activities agon, alea, mimicry and ilinx.

6
Motivations

• Roger Caillois
• Agon (Competition)Activities based on
  competition. Skill, creativity and strength are
  necessary to be successful, and winning is
  important. Often there is a certain amount of
  risk involved.
• -sports
• -athletics
• -card games/table games

7
Motivations

• Roger Caillois
• Alea (Chance)
• These activities are essentially games of chance.
• -lottery
• -gambling

8
Motivations

• Roger Caillois
• Mimicry (Imitation)
• These activities involve imagination and
  creativity. Usually these activities center
  around creating an artificial mental environment.
• -imaginary play
• -illusions/day dreaming
• -movies
• -theatre

9
Motivations

• Roger Caillois
• Ilinx (Vertigo)
• These activities are based on the pursuit of
  vertigo or dizziness. These games or activities
  affect the sense of balance either from physical
  or mental stimulation.
• -dancing (depending on how good you are at it)
• -roller coasters/amusement thrill rides
• -hang gliding
• -skiing
• -drugs/alcohol

10
Motivations

• Market Research
• Another common way to classify activities is by
  market research. These are often categorized
  simply to focus marketing efforts and attract
  business. However, the connection between
  marketing and society is very tight, and, like
  listening to a particular radio station, the
  general public often classifies its recreational
  activities by those established by marketing
  experts. Magazines to address particular markets
  often pop up, and more recently, television
  stations devoted to one particular niche have
  been created. It helps advertisers single out a
  group of people that they want.

11
Motivations

• Market Research
• Active Sports
• -swimming/baseball/basketball
• -fishing/hunting 
• Home-Oriented Activities
• -wood working
• -cooking/sewing
• -exercise
• -stamp collecting
• Social Events
• -movies/discos/nightclubs
• -sporting events/concerts
• -cafes

12
Key Leisure Terms

• Quantitative
• Qualitative
• Perceived freedom
• Perceived constraint
• Holistic
• Recreation

• Discretionary time
• Discretionary money
• Intrinsic motivation
• Extrinsic motivation
• Play
• Games

13
Play Characteristics

• Spontaneous
• Short time period
• Intrinsically motivated
• Sense of freedom (perceived freedom)
• May occur during work or recreation
• May produce leisure
• Participated in purely for fun

14
Recreation

• The term recreation comes from the Latin word
  recreation. This word means that refreshes or
  restores.
• Recreation is engaged in not only for the fun,
  but also for the restorative value it has.

15
Recreation Characteristics

• Recreation is planned for (not spontaneous)
• Longer time period (as compared to play)
• Requires special equipment
• Requires specific facilities/environment

16
Games

• A transaction between two or more people in which
  there is a sought after goal that can be achieved
  in only a certain prescribed manner.
• The underlying principles of games center on
  recreation values

17
Characteristics of Games

• Involve two or more people
• Require rules
• Require prescribed behaviors
• Require certain equipment and activity sites
• Involve a degree of competition
• They are played for fun

18
Group Activity

• Group activities are used in RLS 30 to review
  learned material, explore new concepts and to
  present concepts to the class. While
  participating in group work it is essential that
  all group members contribute. At the end of the
  semester, a point score will be given by your
  group-mates.
• Group assignments are based on your chosen sector
  of the recreation and leisure industry.