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Outline
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History of The Artic National Wildlife Refuge

• The Artic National Wildlife Range was established
  in 1960 to protect wildlife and wilderness values
  for human use.
• In the Alaska National Interest Lands
  Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA), Congress
  enlarged the range to 19.6 million acres, renamed
  it the Artic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), and
  designated eight million acres as Wilderness.
• In section 1002 of that act, Congress deferred a
  decision regarding the future management of the
  1.5 million-acre coastal plain (area 1002)
  because the areas potentially enormous oil and
  gas resources and its importance as wildlife
  habitat.

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What do you think of when you hear artic tundra?

• 1. Barren
• 2. Ice, permafrost
• 3. Freezing Temperatures
• 4. Lifeless

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What is there to preserve in ANWR?

• Over 160 species of birds, 36 species of land
  mammals, 9 species of marine mammals, and 36
  species of fish
• Four types of plants sedges, willows, mosses,
  and lichens
• The first two plant types are highly nutritious
  for herbivores during the growing season, while
  the last two help maintain provide a food source
  during winter

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Caribou