Basal Families

1
Basal Families

• Plant Systematics (PBIO 309/509)
• Harvey Ballard

2
Amborellales, Amborellaceae(Amborella family)

• Shrubs, small trees
• Vessel-less wood
• Inflorescences determinate
• Flowers unisexual (plants dioecious)
• Tepals 7-11, distinct
• Pollen monoaperturate at distal pole

Amborella
Judd et al. (2002)
3
Amborellales, Amborellaceae (Amborella family)

• Carpels 5-6
• Ovaries superior
• Placentation lateral
• Fruit an aggregate of drupes
• Floral formula
• Stam , 9-11, 8, 0
• Carp , 7-8, 1-2, 5-6, drupes

flowers
Amborella
fruits
Judd et al. (2002)
4
Amborellales, Amborellaceae (Amborella family)

• New Caledonia, in understory of moist montane
  forest
• 1 genus, 1 species, Amborella trichopoda
• Recent molecular analyses place it sister to all
  other angiosperms

Amborella
Judd et al. (2002)
5
Global Distribution of Amborellaceae
From Stevens (2006)
6
Nymphaeales, Nymphaeaceae(Water lily family)

• Aquatic herbs
• Stem with scattered vascular bundles, air canals,
  laticifers, stellate sclereids
• Alkaloids (not benzyl-isoquinioline type) present
• Inflorescences of solitary flowers

Nymphaea
Judd et al. (2002)
7
Nymphaeales, Nymphaeaceae(Water lily family)
Cabomba

• Flowers bisexual
• Tepals 4-12, distinct to connate
• Stamens 3-many, innermost sometimes staminodes,
  filaments free or adnate
• Pollen monosulcate or inaperturate
• Carpels 3-many

Judd et al. (2002)
8
Nymphaeales, Nymphaeaceae (Water lily family)

• Ovaries superior or inferior
• Placentation parietal, ovules 1-many
• Fruit an aggregate of nuts, a berry, or dehiscent
  fleshy capsule
• Seeds often arillate
• , 4-12, 0-8, 3-8,
• 3- 8 aggregate of berry, nut, fleshy
  capsule

Judd et al. (2002)
9
Nymphaeales, Nymphaeaceae (Water lily family)
Cabomba

• Worldwide?
• 8 genera, 70 species
• Brasenia, Cabomba, Nuphar and Nymphaea in North
  America
• Subfamily Cabomboideae Cabomba, Brasenia
• Subfamily Nymphaeoideae Nuphar, Nymphaea plus
  others

Judd et al. (2002)
10
Global Distribution of Nymphaceae
From Stevens (2006)
11
Austrobaileyales, Illiciaceae(Star anise family)
flower

• Trees, shrubs
• Stems w/unilacunar nodes, branched sclereids
• Ethereal oils present
• Inflorescences determinate, 1-3 fls
• Flowers bisexual
• Tepals usually many, distinct
• Stamens usually numerous, distinct

Illicium
fruit
Judd et al. (2002)
12
Austrobaileyales, Illiciaceae (Star anise family)

• Pollen tricolpate but different from eudicots
• Carpels 7-many, distinct
• Ovaries superior
• Placentation basal, ovules 1 per carpel
• Fruit a starlike aggregate of 1-seeded follicles
• , 7- 8 , 7- 8, 7- 8 follicles

Judd et al. (2002)
13
Austrobaileyales, Illiciaceae (Star anise family)

• SE Asia, SE U.S., West Indies, Mexico
• 1 genus (Illicium), 37 species
• Anise oil extracted from star anise (I. verum)
• Order includes 4 families and 100 species other
  families are Austrobaileyaceae, Trimeniaceae and
  Schisandraceae

Illicium
Judd et al. (2002)
14
Global Distribution of Illiaceae
From Stevens (2006)
15
References

• Judd, W. S., C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F.
  Stevens, and M. J. Donoghue. 2002. Plant
  systematicsA phylogenetic approach, 2nd ed.
  Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. pp. 223-229.
• Stevens, P. F. 2006. Angiosperm phylogeny
  website. Version 6, May 2005. Accessed at
  http//www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/.