Principals of Animal Diseases

1
Principals of Animal Diseases

• Animal Science II

2
Causes

• Infectious
• Caused by microorganisms
• Noninfectious
• Faulty nutrition
• Metabolic disorder
• Trauma
• Toxic substance
• Congenital defects
• Birth defects

3
Cattle

• Brucellosis
• Abortions in last ½ of pregnancy
• Afterbirth retention
• Sterility
• Animal must be destroyed
• Shipping fever
• Coughing, diarrhea, fever, discharge
• Common in young animals
• Shipping stress
• Antibiotics and sulfa drugs

4
Swine

• Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
• Virus (highly contagious)
• 100 mortality in young pigs
• Vomiting, diarrhea
• White, yellow or green feces
• Drugs and vaccines not effective

5
Swine

• Pseudorabies
• Virus
• Fever, vomiting, convulsions, tremors
• Sudden death in young pigs 24hrs after symptoms
  appear
• Drugs and vaccines not effective

6
Swine

• Brucellosis
• Cholera (eradicated in the US)
• Scours
• Drugs for drinking water
• Leptospirosis
• MMA
• Mycoplasmal pneumonia
• SMEDI

7
Poultry

• Aortic rupture
• Male turkeys
• 8 to 20 weeks
• Bleed to death
• Control
• Lower-energy ration
• Low-level use of tranquilizers

8
Poultry

• Newcastle
• Virus
• Gasping for air, sneezing, breathing difficulty,
  tremors, paralysis
• No known cure
• Avian pox (Fowl pox)
• Virus
• Yellow cankers in mouth and eyes
• Scabs around the head
• No known cure

9
Poultry

• Cocidiosis
• Controlled by coccidiostats
• Bluecomb
• Blackhead
• Fowl cholera
• Erysipelas

Antibiotics
10
Treatment

• Prevention is the best way to control diseases
• Cleanliness
• Vaccinations
• Quarantine
• Exposure
• Isolation

11
Parasites

• Objective
• Describe the internal and external parasites of
  livestock and poultry

12
Parasites

• External
• Ticks
• bloodsuckers
• Mites
• mange
• Lice
• Biting bloodsuckers

13
Parasites

• External (continued)
• Blowfly
• Screwworm in larva stage
• Heel fly
• Cattle grub
• Horn fly
• Smallest, bloodsucking species
• Horsefly, housefly, stable fly

14
Parasites

• Internal
• Roundworms
• Stomach worms
• Ascarids
• Pinworms
• Bloodworms
• Lungworms

15
Parasites

• Internal (continued)
• Tapeworms
• Broad tapeworms
• Beef or pork tapeworm
• Flukes

16
Parasite Problems

• Weight loss and loss of gain
• Most costly excluding death
• Major external parasite of swine
• Lice and mites
• External parasites of poultry
• Lower production by sucking blood

17
Parasite Problems

• Heel Fly larva or Cattle grubs
• Greatest financial loss to cattle
• Lower rate of gain
• Damage hides and meat

18
Parasite Problems

• Major internal parasite of poultry
• Several types of worms
• Roundworm
• Most damage to hogs by internal parasites

19
Controlling Parasites

• Prevention
• Most effective
• Chemicals for external parasites
• Systematic insecticides that spread throughout
  the body is most effective
• Cattle grubs

20
Controlling Parasites

• Deworming pigs
• Sows and guilts one week before farrowing
• Protects piglets

21
Controlling Parasites

• Poultry Houses
• Mites, bedbugs, fowl ticks hide in daylight
• Emerge at night
• Cracks and crevices must be sprayed

22
Controlling Parasites

• Poultry
• Little problems with worms
• Confinement housing offers protection
• Wire cage

23
Controlling Parasites

• Chemical, mechanical, biological, and cultural
  methods are used to reduce loss in poultry and
  livestock