Outdoor Recreation

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Outdoor Recreation

• Activities of a rec nature resulting from
  interest in relationship w/ the environment

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Outdoor Rec Benefits
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Natural Environment

• Matriarchal/ pantheistic practices
• Increased public support
• Urban living

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Protection of Natural Areas

• Endless abundance myth
• Terrestrial stewardship
• Aboriginal spirituality
• Interrelated systems

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Maintenance vs Exploitation

• Storehouse/ preserve
• Profit/accessibility

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Environmentalists vs Commercialists

• Multipurpose land use
• Pay taxes should we have access to everything

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Protected Natural Spaces

• unique places where one can have solitude
  simple peace quiet. They are areas where the
  craving for adventure for self-reliance can be
  satisfied. We often discover a great deal about
  the natural world and something about ourselves
  when we confront the wildlands. Our descendants
  will need this experience no less than we do no
  less than our ancestors did before us. (Hugh
  Faulkner)

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Can Outdoor Rec Services

• Quality of the natural environ

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Community/ Municipal Systems

• NGOs ENGOs
• Orgs promote facilitate outdoor rec
• Advocacy role eg Can Parks Wilderness Society
• Co-operating assoc promote community relations,
  interpretation awareness

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• Multifaceted interest
• Eg Ducks Unlimited
• Outdoor rec
• Eg Alpine Club of Canada
• Coalitions influence govt

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• Responsibility community based outdoor rec
  opportunities
• Protected areas outdoor rec sites

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Provincial/ Territorial Govt Systems

• Land use, tourism, culture economic development
• Territorial Lands Act (1950)
• Federal crown lands
• 1930 Land Transfer Act
• Own surface subsurface rights

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• Prov park systems meet current future needs
• Conservation/rec use of public land
• Near urban pop
• Land use planning conservation

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Fed Govt Systems

• Canadian Heritage Parks Canada
• Worlds largest national park historic site
  system
• Began in 1885

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• 1.8 of total area of Canada
• pleasure playground original intention
• Preservation vs exploitation

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Establishing Parks

• National Parks Act (1930) response to
  hydroelectric damn built in Banff
• Parks Canada Program Policy focus is
  environmental cultural heritage resource
  integrity

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• National Parks 39 natural regions (16
  unrepresented)
• Federal lands national parks
• Provinces negotiate for a land transfer

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Parks Canada other responsibilities

• Nationally significant cultural heritage sites
  eg fur trade, native history
• Historic Sites Monuments Act (gt100)
  designated sites
• Canadian Heritage Rivers System national
  recognition of important rivers

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Brooks Aqueduct

• This 3 km long, centipede-like structure was a
  vital link in an extensive irrigation network
  that provided water critical to the dry lands of
  southern Alberta.Location 8 km southeast of
  Brooks, off Trans-Canada Highway 1

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Frank Slide Interpretive Centre

• It was 410 a.m. on April 29 in 1903. In less
  than 100 seconds, 82 million tonnes of rock fell
  from Turtle Mountain and buried part of the coal
  mining town of Frank. At least 70 people died.
  The Centre tells the story of the Frank Slide
  against the backdrop of the rich history of the
  Crowsnest Pass and the grandeur of the Canadian
  Rockies. View the award winning audio-visual
  presentations, In The Mountains Shadow, and On
  the Edge of Destruction. Location Hwy 3,
  Municipality of Crowsnest Pass

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Lougheed House

• Lougheed House, a grand sandstone prairie
  mansion, was built in 1891 and enlarged in 1907.
  The impressive scale and the high quality of the
  design, materials and interior furnishings of the
  house reflected the wealth and prestige of the
  Lougheeds. Come and explore the architectural
  grandeur and rich history of Lougheed House.
  Linger in the lovely Beaulieu Gardens, savour
  delicious fare in Isabella's Restaurant, and
  wander into Treasures Gift Shop.Location 707-13
  Avenue SW, Calgary

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• Wildlife Areas
• 1)migratory bird sanctuaries
• 2)national wildlife areas
• Canada Wildlife Act

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First Nations/ Aboriginal Govt

• 1982 Constitution Act inherent aboriginal
  rights recognized in law
• Economic rights traditional land use for
  designation protection of land
• Preferential economic rights trad land use
• Direct co-management is the goal

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Natural Area Rec Management

• Objectives
• A)managing outdoor rec activity
• B)maintaining integrity of natural setting
• Considerations site, deterioration, density,
  sanitation

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• Traditional outdoor rec focus on visitors
• Holistic travel agents, politicians, future
• Maintain quality environ thru protection
  maintenance

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Key Management Practices

• 1)carrying capacity
• Limit of use above which environ begins to
  deteriorate
• Social carrying capacity (crowding)

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• Land clearing eg cutting trees for ski slopes
• Area loses ground cover
• Vacation homes
• Does it become another town

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• Physical carrying capacity
• Eg site hardening

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• 2)recreational opportunity spectrum
• One park w/ areas for different uses
• Eg RVs
• Hunting may upset predator/prey balance

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• 3)limits of acceptable change
• 4)benefits analysis
• Eg environmental integrity quality, historical
  significance, etc

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Outdoor Rec Programming

• Residential camping, ecotours adventure
  activities
• 1940s camping
• Not-for-profit social interaction, team bldg,
  moral ed
• Eg childrens camps

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• Commercial unique rec experience for a price
• Adventure progs Outward Bound
• Natural environs to develop better people

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• Risk/adventure
• Cognitive emotional arousal
• Perceived vs real risk
• Related to control

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Environmental Damage Pollution

• Individuals
• 6 billion people
• Industries
• All forms affect the recreational experience

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Air Pollution

• Natural Pollutants
• Eg Mt. St. Helens
• Automobiles (60-80)

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• Coal burning industries
• Acid rain
• Arctic ice

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Ozone

• 10-50 km thick constantly being rebuilt
• UVC light
• Holes at N S pole rest is like Swiss cheese

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Loss of Ozone

• Animals go blind
• Daytime spacesuit goggles
• UVC could kill

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S. Chile

• 1993
• Animals going blind
• People getting sunburns

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Global Warming

• Greenhouse Effect
• Increase in CO2
• 5 most impactful countries US, Russia, Japan,
  China Brazil
• Kyoto protocol

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Noise Pollution

• Health
• Indoors/outdoors

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Water Pollution

• Canada 9 of worlds renewable fresh water
  supply
• 2nd highest users of water for daily living
• Groundwater contamination, industrial liquid
  waste, pesticides

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Dying Oceans

• Jacques Cousteau (1978)
• Claimed Mediterranean Sea would be dead by 1990
• Atlantic Ocean by 2000

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• Med Sea Saving the Mediterranean Seafrom the
  threat of death (article title)
• Atlantic Ocean is also in peril
• No life w/out oceans plankton goes, we go

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Red Tide

• Deadly algae
• Japan

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Land Damage

• Solid waste
• Chemical waste
• Pesticides/herbicides
• Urbanization

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Future of Outdoor Rec

• 1)protection support of natural areas
• Awareness/value of natural areas

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• 2)ecotourism
• Pros exposure to areas, increase awareness
• Cons impact areas, economic advantages

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• 3)parks over people
• Areas is long term, people change
• Protection/maintenance

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• 4)connection btwn humans nat areas
• Ethical leadership followership

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• 5)consumptive outdoor rec
• Our needs vs natures needs

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• 6)strengthening transfer of learning of outdoors
  to life
• More research does transfer actually occur?

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• 7)professional competency integrity
• 8)safety, training liability