WATER SAVING AND YIELD ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES: How far can they contribute to water productivity enh

1
WATER SAVING AND YIELD ENHANCING
TECHNOLOGIESHow far can they contribute to
water productivity enhancement in Indian
Agriculture?

• M. Dinesh Kumar, Madar Samad, Upali Amarasinghe
  and O. P. Singh

2
Introduction

• The spread of water-saving irrigation
  technologies is very low in India
• The objectives
• to analyze the potential of water saving
  technologies in terms of spread and in terms of
  enhancement in water productivity
• To analyze the institutional and policy options
• The Study to bank on knowledge and expertise on
  this technologies and their impacts, the
  extensive literature available

3
Nature of Water Saving for Different Crops under
Different Types of Efficient Irrigation
Technologies
Table 1 Nature of Water Saving for Different
Crops under Different Types of Efficient
Irrigation Technologies
4
Current Contribution of Water Saving Technologies

• Present spread of water-saving irrigation
  technologies in Indian agriculture
• 9.18 lac ha under sprinklers
• 2.6 under drip systems
• Rate of adoption of MI system during 2001-05
• Contribution of water-saving technologies in
  Indian river basins
• Physical impact of WSTs on Water Demand Drivers
• Area and cropping systems
• Efficiency
• Water Saving and Water Productivity
• Return flows
• Aggregate water consumption from the system in
  crop production
• Economic impacts

5
Potential Future Improvements in Water
Productivity through WSTs

• Opportunities and Constraints in Adoption of
  Water-Saving Irrigation Technologies
• Physical Constraints in Adopting in Water Saving
  Technologies
• Physical Opportunities for Creating Wet Water
• Socioeconomic and Institutional Constraints
• Socioeconomic and Institutional Opportunities
  for Water Saving Technologies
• Crops Conducive to Water-Saving Technologies
• Water-scarce River Basins that can benefit from
  WSTs
• Area that can be brought under Water-Saving
  Irrigation Technologies

6
Potential improvements

• Basins Conducive to Water-Saving Irrigation
  Technologies from adoption perspective
• West flowing rivers north of Tapi in Gujarat and
  Rajasthan
• Sabarmati, Banas, Narmada
• East flowing rivers of Peninsular India
• Mahanadi
• Parts of Indus basin
• Quantification of Actual System-Level Water-use
  and Water-saving Impacts

7
Enabling environment for spreading water saving
technologies

• Analysis of Existing Water Energy Policies
• Crop area based pricing of surface water for
  irrigation
• Un-scientific water delivery schedules followed
  in irrigation systems
• Flat rate system of pricing of electricity or
  free electricity followed by many Indian states
  for farm sector
• Power supply restrictions for farm sector
  (constraint in expanding area under irrigation)

8
Enabling environment

• Institutional and Policy Alternatives
• Pro rata pricing of electricity
• Metering cash incentives
• High quality power
• Reforms in the administration of subsidy
• What do we do in Canal Command Areas?
• Delivery system design (advanced stage of system
  design like in Israel)
• Efficient pricing
• Proper incentive for creating intermediate
  storages as alternative

9
(No Transcript)
10
Rate of Adoption of MI Systems during 2001-05
Under Various Programmes
11
Irrigation Efficiencies under Different Methods
of Irrigation
12
Impact of Drip Irrigation on Applied Water, Yield
and Applied Water Productivity in Castor in Manka
PM Plastic Mulching OM Organic Mulching
13
Impact of Drip Irrigation on Applied Water, Yield
and Applied Water Productivity in Groundnut
(Kumbhasan)
14
Impact of Drip Irrigation on Applied Water, Yield
and Applied Water Productivity in Potato (Manka)
15
Economics of Drip Irrigation in Alfalfa for Four
Different Situations
16
(No Transcript)
17
Crops conducive to WSTs
18
Estimated Area under Crops Conducive to Water
Saving Irrigation Technologies
19
Aggregate Saving in Water Possible with Drip
Irrigation Systems