Model systems for the study of neural development

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Developmental Neurobiology Fall 2005 Credit
Two Time 130 PM-330 PM, Tuesday Place 316,
3rd Floor, Nursing Building Instructors ???
(2826-7184), ??? (2789-9193) Textbook 1. The
Developing Brain, Brown, Keynes, Lumsden, 2001,
Oxford University Press. 2. Developmental
Biology, 7th edition, 2003, by Scott F.
Gilbert.
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Date Subject 9/13 Organization meeting, Model
systems (C1) ? 9/20 Neural induction
(C2) ? 9/27 Patterning the CNS in vertebrate (C3,
C4) ? 10/4 Patterning the nervous system in
Drosophila (C3, C4) ? 10/11 Cell fate paper
discussion (3 hours) ? 10/18 Cell fate paper
discussion (3 hours) ? 10/25 Growth and guidance
of axons and dendrites (C9) ? 11/1 Drosophila
axon guidance paper discussion ? 11/8 The
formation of topographic maps (C10) ? 11/15 Mid-te
rm examination (Homework writing) ?/? 11/22 Drosop
hila Synapse formation and neuronal
connection ? 11/29 Paper discussion
? 12/6 Development of cerebral cortex and
cerebellar cortex (C7) ? 12/13 Development of
sense organs (C8) ? 12/20 Paper discussion (3
hours) ? 12/27 Nerve cell death, neurotrophic
factors (C12, C13) ? 1/3 Trophic interactions,
axon regeneration (C16, C17) ? 1/10 Oral
examination ?
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• How to prepare the course
• Read in advance.
• Discuss in the class and after the class.
• When make a presentation, read the content again
• Grading
• Participation in the class, quiz 30
• Presentation 20
• Term papers 30
• Final oral examination 20

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Nervous system
Molecular Cell Biology, C21
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Model systems for the study of neural development

• 1. grasshopper, large embryo cells, easy for
  lineage tracing and axonal pathway.
• 2. D. melanogaster, genetics and gene
  perturbation.
• 3. C. elegans, few cells, known lineage,
  transparent, easy direct observation, genetics,
  nerve cell death, axon guidance.
• 4. leech, easy labeled large cells.
• 5. Hydra attenuata, simple, continuous remodeling
  nerve nets
• 6. Aplysia californica, large neurons and
  synapses, synaptic basis for learning
• 7. Zebrafish, transparent, genetics
• 8. Xenopus laevis, large egg, early embryos
• 9. Gallus domesticus, embryo manipulation,
  chick-quail chimera
• 10. Mouse, spontaneous mutant, genetics
• 11. Rat, ferret, cat, and monkey

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Model systems for the study of neural development

• 1. grasshopper, large embryo cells, easy for
  lineage tracing and axonal pathway.
• 2. D. melanogaster, genetics and gene
  perturbation.
• 3. C. elegans, few cells, known lineage,
  transparent, easy direct observation, genetics,
  nerve cell death, axon guidance.
• 4. leech, easy labeled large cells.
• 5. Hydra attenuata, simple, continuous remodeling
  nerve nets
• 6. Aplysia californica, large neurons and
  synapses, synaptic basis for learning
• 7. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), transparent, genetics
• 8. Xenopus laevis, large egg, early embryos
• 9. Gallus domesticus, embryo manipulation,
  chick-quail chimera
• 10. Mouse, spontaneous mutant, genetics
• 11. Rat, ferret, cat, and monkey

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Mophogenesis of the invertebrate nervous
systembrain supraoesophageal, suboesophageal
ganglia, circumoesophageal connectivesposterior
segamental ganglia
Neurogenic ectoderm neuroblasts

• PNS
• sensory
• SNS (stomatogastric)

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• Stomatogastric nervous system (SNS), part of PNS,
  similar to enteric nervous system, derived from
  placode, and migration.

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Morphogenesis of vertebrate nervous system

• Gastrulation, neural induction, neural ectoderm,
  neural plate

p5
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• Neurulation, neural plate, neural folds, neural
  tube, floor plate, notochord, prechodal mesoderm,
  roof plate, neural crest cells
• Formation of placodes

p7
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Differential cell adhesion and morphogenesis
p8, p23
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Morphogenesis of vertebrate nervous system

• Gastrulation, neural induction, neural ectoderm,
  neural plate

p5
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p7, p25
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p24
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Functionally, they are forcell-cell interaction
tight junction gap junction other cell-cell
interaction without cell membrane
contactcell-matrix interaction
p24
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Secondary neurulation

• Eye formation
• Posterior spinal cord

p9
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p7, p25
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The early vertebrate brain vesicles and neuromeres
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Definitive parts of the vertebrate brain
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Spinal cord
Gene expression Dorsal snail Ventral HNF-3b
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Cell division within the neural tube
Basal, apical, radial glia cell, mantle layer,
marginal layer
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Peripheral Nervous System

• Autonomic nervous system, neural crest
• Sensory nervous system, neural crest, few derive
  from placode and ventral hindbrain
• Glia cells, Schwann cells, neural crest, ventral
  neural tube

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Differential cell adhesion and morphogenesis
p8, p23
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Placodal ectoderm

• Cephalic ectoderm olfactory sensory epithelium,
  lens, inner ear, anterior pituitary gland
• Caudally neurogenic placodes sensory neurons of
  cranial nerves
• V (trigeminal), VII (facial), VIII
  (vestibulo-acoustic), IX (glossopharyngeal), X
  (vagus)

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Comparative features of early neural development
in vertebrates and invertebrates

• cranial, rostral, anterior, caudal, posterior,
  ventral, dorsal

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Proofs of a common ground plan for the nervous
system between protostome and deuterostome.

• Similar regional expression of homologous sets of
  transcription factor genes.
• Similar patterns of early axon growth.

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Proofs of a common ground plan for the nervous
system between protostome and deuterostome.

• Similar regional expression of homologous sets of
  transcription factor genes.
• Similar patterns of early axon growth.