1018 Steel Applied To Camming Device Eyes

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1018 Steel Applied To Camming Device Eyes

Presented by Rebecca Ouellet
Terina Hartley Kevin Ouellette Michael Wal
lace
Hassan Mazi Daniel Bennis
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Introduction

• The purpose of our presentation is to discuss the
  uses and properties of 1018 Steel and how it can
  be applied to camming devices used in rock-
  climbing applications.

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Topics of Discussion

• What is steel?
• General Characteristics of 1018
• Why 1018?
• Work Harden Processing
• Heat Treating/ Cold Rolling
• Applications in rock climbing gear
• Other Applications

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What is steel?

• Steels are alloys of iron and carbon
• Among the prominent structural engineering
  materials
  
• Given AISI or SAE numbering
• First two numbers designate the type of alloying
  element that has been added to the iron and
  carbon
  
• Last two numbers represent the of hundredths of
  a percent of carbon content
  
• For Example 1018 steel is a plain carbon steel
  with only a minimal amount of other alloying
  elements (10xx series) and contains 0.18 carbon.

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General Characteristics of Steel Alloys

• Low Carbon/Alloy Steel
• Term used when up to 5 of alloying elements
  (nickel, chromium, molybdenum, manganese,
  silicon) are added.
  
• Alloys increase hardenability to optimize
  mechanical properties and toughness.
  
• Alloys decrease environmental degredation.
• 1018 High magnesium content in comparison to
  other low carbon steels.
  

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Composition of 1018

• Carbon 0.14- 0.20
• Manganese 0.6- 0.9
• Phosphorous 0.04 Max
• Sulfur 0.05 Max

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Why 1018?

• High machinability
• Fracture toughness
• Surface hardness
• Inexpensive
• Yield strength in 50,000psi range

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Characteristics of Cold Drawn 1018 Steel

• Tensile Strength 440Mpa
• Yield Strength 370Mpa
• Elongation in 2in 15
• Reduction in area 40
• Hardness 126HB
• Avg. Machinability Rating 70 

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Work Hardening

• Almost all ductile materials become stronger
  when plastically deformed
  
• Common methods of work hardening are cold
  rolling, drawing, and forging
  
• Cold work is performed below recrystalization
  temperature

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Rolling Methods
Cross Rolling
Longitudinal Rolling
Skewed Rolling
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Result of cold rolling
Dislocations at grain boundaries increase
ultimate strength
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Graphical Results

• Note Yield strength and Ultimate strength is
  reduced as diameter increases. This is due to the
  increase of dislocations at grain boundaries
  

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Applications in climbing gear

• Eyes on camming devices
• Could be used for other parts requiring high
  tensile strength capabilities
  

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Other Applications

• Suitable for parts requiring cold forming such as
  swaging, crimping, and bending
  
• Exceptional for carburized parts requiring soft
  core and surface hardness
  
• Gears
• Pinions
• Worms
• Kingpins
• Ratchets
• Dogs
• Etc

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References

• ceeps.uscolo.edu/mech_et/MET203/Lectures/Forming/
  HotWorking.ppt
  
• w3.mech.uwa.edu.au/liu/Lectures/ME204/ME204-Meta
  lProc.ppt
  
• Lange, Kurt. Handbook of Metal Forming. New
  York McGraw-Hill, 1985