PSYCH 2220

1
PSYCH 2220 Perception Lecture 11
2
Do we need to LEARN to see?
3
KEYWORDS for lecture 9
"do we need to learn to see?", empiricists
(yes), nativists (no), innate visual behaviours,
dung beetle, chimpanzees and snakes, ducklings
and hawks, Molyneux's question ("if a man is
given his sight as an adult, could he distinguish
a sphere and a cube?"), two patients described,
babies, mixed up faces, visual cliff, contrast
sensitive function for infants, preferential
looking, adaptation (remember that Dalmatian!),
inverting prisms, hens show no adaptation,
horizontal or vertical rearing
4
EMPIRICIST (all knowledge comes from
experience) NATIVIST (knowledge is a priori
you are born with it)
5
1 animal behaviour
6
Molyneuxs question could a man born blind
distinguish a sphere and a cube by sight alone?
2 blind people recovering sight
7
S.B could see with minimal experience
8
H.D. never could see very well.
9
3 child development, Fantz Experiment
10
4 adaptation
11
5 controlled rearing
12
EVIDENCE
Animal behavour Blind people recovering their
sight Babies visual development Adaptation
experiments Controlled rearing experiments
. Nativist
Empiricist nativist .
Empiricist nativist
Empiricist .. Empiricist
13
INTRODUCTION TO HEARING
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
EQUAL LOUDNESS CURVES
20
Place theory 1 - Travelling wave stiffness
varies 2 - one place most active for a given
frequency 3 - tonotopic code coded as
place Periodicity theory 1 - sound coded as
pattern
21
Hearing thresholds Equal loudness Masking The
case of the missing fundamental harmonics pitch
timbre
22
Training a goldfish...
23
Evidence against place -- Missing fundamental --
which can be masked -- some animals have no
basilar membrane Evidence against periodicity --
cells cant fire fast enough -- diplacusis
Evidence for place -- physiology Evidence for
periodicity -- multiple cells could do it --
phase locking of cells
24
Place theory sound coded as place Periodicity
theory sound coded as pattern Duplicity below
1kHz, coded by periodicity above 1 kHz, coded by
place
25
Auditory localization 1 inter-aural time of
arrival differences -- circle of confusion 2
inter-aural intensity differences 3 pinnae
(up/down front/back etc..) 4 head movements
26
(No Transcript)
27
The Auditory System
28
The Auditory System (cortical route)
cortex
thalamus
Inferior colliculus
Cochlear nucleus
29
The Auditory System (sub-cortical route)
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Cochlear nucleus
Superior olive
30
The Auditory System
31
The Superior Colliculus
32
LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTION IN THE CORTEX
33
Phrenology
34

• Stimulation
• recording
• lesions
• anatomy

35
(No Transcript)
36
Phineas Gage
37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
THE CORPUS CALLOSUM
41
(No Transcript)
42
SPLIT BRAIN
43
(No Transcript)
44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)