HEXAPODS SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA 1 WHO ARE THEY

1
HEXAPODS(SUB-PHYLUM HEXAPODA)1) WHO ARE THEY?
2
HEXAPODS
c. 1,400,000 species Huge diversity of
lifestyles Almost all terrestrial, some
freshwater, very few marine
3
HEXAPODFEATURES 1

• Head 6 segments with 4 paired appendages
• 1 x antennae (contrast Crustacea)
• 1 x mandibles
• 2 x maxillae

4
HEXAPODFEATURES 2

• Rear pair of maxillae
• form a labium (lower lip)  

(contrast Myriapods)
5
HEXAPODFEATURES 3

• 3 TAGMATA head, thorax, abdomen
• Thorax with 3 pairs of legs
• All appendages UNIRAMOUS

6
HEXAPODDIVERSITY
1. PARAINSECTS   2. DIPLURANS   3. INSECTS
7
PARAINSECTS Springtails Proturans 2 orders
wingless mouthparts sunken into head 
8
SPRINGTAILS lt 5mm only 6 abdominal
segments Furcula for jumping
9
PROTURANS lt 2mm no antennae or eyes 12 abdominal
segments
10
DIPLURA Diplurans 1 order blind wingless
mouthparts sunken into head resemble insects
more, e.g. 2 tails (cerci) on rear 
11
DIPLURA
Tails can be short UK body lt 5mm
12
INSECTA Insects
30 orders 11 segments in abdomen antennae
free mouthparts
13
INSECTS
ARCHAEOGNATHA (JUMPING BRISTLETAILS) THYSANURA
(SILVERFISH FIREBRATS) EPHEMEROPTERA
(MAYFLIES)  ODONATA (DRAGONFLIES AND
DAMSELFLIES) NEOPTERA (MOST INSECTS 26 ORDERS)

14

ORDER ARCHAEOGNATHA (JUMPING BRISTLETAILS)
Shuttle-shaped with humped thorax Large compound
eyes 3 tails (cerci) central one longest Moult
all life
15

ARCHAEOGNATHA (JUMPING BRISTLETAILS)
Petrobius maritimus
16
ORDER THYSANURA (SILVERFISH FIREBRATS)
Torpedo-shaped Small compound eyes 3 tails
(cerci) of similar length Moult all life

17
THYSANURA (SILVERFISH FIREBRATS)

18
ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES) 
Aquatic nymph with 2 or 3 tails Unique
sub-adult stage sub-imago Adult with 2 (or 1)
pairs of wings and 2 or 3 tails Adult never
feeds

19
MAYFLY NYMPH

20
MAYFLY SUB-IMAGO

21
MAYFLY IMAGO

22
MAYFLY MASS DEATH

23
ORDER ODONATA (DRAGONFLIES) 
Aquatic nymph with mask Adult with 2 pairs of
wings 2 Groups Damselflies Dragonflies

24
DEFINED BY ADULT WINGS

Zygoptera Anisoptera Damselfly
Dragonfly
25
ADULT RESTING

Damselfly Dragonfly
26
NYMPH

Damselfly Dragonfly
27
NYMPH HAS MASK

28
APTERYGOTES
1. PARAINSECTS   2. DIPLURANS   3. INSECTS
ARCHAEOGNATHA
THYSANURA
EPHEMEROPTERA
ODONATA
NEOPTERA most insects
29
PTERYGOTES
1. PARAINSECTS   2. DIPLURANS   3. INSECTS
ARCHAEOGNATHA
THYSANURA
EPHEMEROPTERA
ODONATA
NEOPTERA most insects
30
NEOPTERA
1) EXOPTERYGOTES 15 ORDERS
Incomplete Metamorphosis Have Nymphs Largest
order Hemiptera (Bugs)

31
EXOPTERYGOTES Incomplete Metamorphosis Have
Nymphs
nymphs

egg
BUG
adult
32
HEXAPODS OUTSIDE NEOPTERA Incomplete
Metamorphosis

nymphs
eggs
adult
33
NEOPTERA
1) EXOPTERYGOTES 15 ORDERS 2)
ENDOPTERYGOTES 11 ORDERS Include the
big three orders Lepidoptera Hymenoptera
Coleoptera Moths Bees, etc.
Beetles

34
ENDOPTERYGOTES COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS HAVE
LARVAE PUPA
larvae
eggs

MOTH
pupa
adult