Chapter 1'3 Studying Life

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Chapter 1.3 Studying Life

• What does biology mean?
• Bio life
• -ology the study of
• The study of living and once living things
• Biologist one who studies living things

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Most living things
• share several
• characteristics.
• These characteristics
• include the following
• eight features

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Living things
• 1. Reproduce
• All organisms produce new organisms
• Occurs in different ways (animals vs. plants)
• Sexual Reproduction
• two cells from different parents
• Asexual Reproduction
• single parent cell divides in half or portion
  of organism splits off to form new offspring

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Living things
• 2. Grow and Develop
• Growth-
• Uses materials and energy from the environment to
  increase in size
• All organisms growduring at least part oftheir
  life cycle
• Living things have a definite size and shape

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Development all the changes that occur as a
  living thing grows
• (ex. Frogs)
• Development is each organisms distinct life
  cycle
• Living things also have a life span birth,
  rapid growth, maturity, decline and death

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Living things
• 3. Need Materials and Energy (food)
• Some animals hunt
• others eat plants
• others eat both

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Use energy
• Energy the ability to do work
• How do living things get energy from food?
• Cellular respiration the process by which food
  is broken down and energy is released
• Oxygen is used Water, CO2, and energy are
  released
• Metabolism
• is the combination of chemical
  reactions through which an organism builds up
  or breaks down materials

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Other special needs include
• Water
• Gas exchange
• Constant temperature
• Stable air pressure
• Living space

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Living things
• 4. Made of cells
• Cells are the basic unit of life
• Are highly organized and precisely put together

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Life is Cellular
• Some things are only one cell(unicellular)
• Some have many cells (multicellular)

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Characteristics of Living Things

• All Living things
• 5. Respond to the Environment
• React to changes in their environment
• Ex. Plants grow to light you shiver when youre
  cold

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Characteristics of Living Things

• All Living things
• 6. Are Based on a Universal Genetic Code
• - With minor exceptions
• DNA genetic code
• determines inherited traits

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Characteristics of Living Things

• All Living things
• 7. Maintain Internal Balance
• The process by which
• organisms keep their
• internal conditions
• relatively stable is called
• homeostasis

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Characteristics of Living Things

• All Living things (as a group)8. Evolve or
  Change Over Time
• They adapt to their environment
• Adaptation a trait that makes a living thing
  better able to survive
• Ex. Polar bears have thick fur squirrels have
  bushytails for balance

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Characteristics of Living Things

• How can you tell if something is living?
• It has all features or characteristics of life
• If one is missing, its not living
• Is a candle living?
• Uses oxygen, changes shape (responds)dies
• Is not made up of cells, does not reproduce or
  grow, is not adapted
• It is not a living thing even though it has some
  features of living things

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Levels of Organization

• Life can be Studied at Different
• Levels of Organization.

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• The world of life shows levels of
  organization,from the simple to the complex,
  which extend from subatomic particles through the
  biosphere

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Levels of Organization
Atom Smallest unit
of an element that still retains the elements
properties. Electrons, protons, and neutrons are
its building blocks. The atoms electrons zip
around its protons in a spherical volume of space.
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Levels of Organization
Molecule Groups of
two or morejoined atoms of the same or
different elements.
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Molecules of Life
Levels of Organization

• All things are made up of the same units of
  matter
• Molecules of life are complex carbohydrates,
  lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA.
• Only living cells now make them.

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Levels of Organization
Cells
The basic unit of structure and functionof
life Smallest unit that can live and reproduce
on its own or as part of a multi celled
organism It has an outer membrane, DNA, and
other components
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Levels of Organization

• Some organisms are made up of only one cell but
  they have all the features of living things
• The parts of their cell still work together
• Other organisms have organs and organ systems
  like humans
• Systems work together to keep us alive

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Levels of Organization
Tissue
Group of cells working together to do a job Many
cells interactingin a specialized way Many
cells (white) made this bone tissue from their
ownsecretions
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Levels of Organization
Organ
A group of different tissues working together to
perform a certain activity Structural unit made
of two or more tissues interacting in some
task A parrotfish eye is a sensory organ used in
vision
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Levels of Organization
Organ System
A group of organs working together to accomplish
certain tasks Organs interacting physically,
chemically, or both in some specific
function Parrotfish skin is an integumentary
system with tissue layers, organs such as glands,
and other parts
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Levels of Organization
Organism
An individual living thing This Red Sea
parrotfish is a multicellular organism with cells
organized as tissues, organs, and organ systems
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Levels of Organization
Population
Group of organisms of the same species thatlive
in the same area All of the members of a
breeding group in a given area This is a fish
populationin the Red Sea
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Levels of Organization
Community
All populations of all species occupying a
specified area Different populations living
together in a defined area This is part of a
coral reef in the Gulf of Aqaba at the northern
end of the Red Sea
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Levels of Organization
Ecosystem
A community and its nonliving surroundings A
community that isinteracting with itsphysical
environment Reef ecosystems flourish in warm,
clearseawater throughout the Middle East
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Levels of Organization
Biosphere
The area on and around Earth where life
exists All regions of the Earths waters, crust,
and atmosphere that hold organisms In the vast
universe, Earth is a rare planet. Without its
abundance of free-flowing water, there would be
no life
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Levels of Organization
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Levels of Organization
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Levels of Organization
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Levels of Organization
Section 1-3
Brain
Brain- organ
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Levels of Organization
Section 1-3
Brain
Brain- organ
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Branches of Science
Natural Science
Biological Science(Science of life)
Physical Science(Science ofmatter energy)
EarthScience(Science ofEarth)
Geology
Meteorology
Botany
Zoology
Many Others
Physicsforcesandenergy
Chemistrymatter and itschanges
Many Others
Ecology
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Fields of Biology

• Match the field (branch) of Biology to its study

• Study of
• Life
• Cells
• Structure
• Plants
• Heart
• Altering living things for economics

• Field
• Anatomy
• Biology
• Biotechnology
• Botany
• Cardiology
• Cytology

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Fields of Biology

• Match the field (branch) of Biology to its study

• Study of
• Genes and heredity
• Insects
• Reptiles
• Skin
• Tissues
• Scientific evidence to solve crimes

• Field
• Dermatology
• Entomology
• Forensics
• Genetics
• Herpetology
• Histology

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Fields of Biology

• Match the field (branch) of Biology to its study

• Study of
• Eyes
• Disease
• Brain and nerves
• Birds
• Fossils
• Tumors and cancer

• Field
• Neurology
• Oncology
• Ophthamology
• Ornithology
• Paleontology
• Pathology

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Fields of Biology

• Match the field (branch) of Biology to its study

• Study of
• Animals
• Mind
• Poisons
• Viruses
• Function
• Classification

• Field
• Physiology
• Psychology
• Taxonomy
• Toxicology
• Virology
• Zoology