Energy, Biomass, and Other Abstract Ideas

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Energy, Biomass, and Other Abstract Ideas Ray
Miller, MSU MAESBill Cook, MSU Extension
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Coal, Natural Gas, Oil
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Heat, Electricity, Fuel
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Whats Driving the Energy Concern?
Instability Rising Costs Increased Energy
Demand Limited Supplies Environmental
Impacts Climate Change?
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How much do we use?
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How Does Woody Biomass Fit Into This Picture?
Reduce Fossil Fuel Use Use Local
Resources Help Rural Economies Vigorous Forests
Draw More Carbon Its What We Have!!
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Biomass lt 3 of State Total
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Re-assemble Chemicals to Form Ethanol, Oils, and
Other Valuable Products
Break Down the WoodThermo-chemicalMechanicalBio
logical
Begin With WoodMade of Chemicals

By-product uses
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Michigan uses the equivalent of 3.1 quadrillion
BTUs of energy 87 comes from FFs

• 3 solutions . . .
• use less energy
• use fewer FFs
• use more wood(and other renewables)

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How in the World Can We Replace Fossil Fuels?
We probably cant. We have to learn to use
less. And . . . use other sources where we can.
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Socolov
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Conservation
Non-renewable Energy
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Biomass Pools
What Biomass Pools Does Michigan Have?
Crop Residue (9)
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What Biomass Pools Does Michigan Have?
Switchgrass on CRP Land (4)
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What Biomass Pools Does Michigan Have?
Slash (3)
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What Biomass Pools Does Michigan Have?
Unused Mill Residues (4)
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What Biomass Pools Does Michigan Have?
Urban Waste (3)
Michigan hasthe 8th largesthuman population
ofany state.
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What Biomass Pools Does Michigan Have?
Energy Plantations (16)
2 million acresof abandonedfarm landin Michigan
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Sources of new lignocellulose
Forests
Possibly 40 million dry tons annually
Energy Ptns
Crop Res.
Switchgrass-CRP
MSW
Mill Res.
Slash
Estimations by R. Miller
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What Biomass Pools Does Michigan Have?
A MILLION CUBIC METERS OF WOOD Michigan grows 30
times this much wood each year
50 million gallons ethanol Electricity for half
million homes 1/2 wood supply for Mascoma Supply
30 of NewPage needs About 80 of
Weyerhaeuser Two Grayling power plants
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Use More Wood How? Wood is what Michigan
has! Can also use solar, wind, corn, other
cellulosics, hydro, nuclear.
Wood is not a silver bullet, but its one of the
weapons in the energy independence arsenal and
especially appropriate for Michigan.
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Walmart
In the United States we ask How can I buy the
biggest, shiniest, cheapest thing?(kilowatt, TV,
gasoline, T-shirt)
The result We shop at Wal-Mart for goods made
in China, and close our factories.
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Technologies
Use Better Technology Huge energy losses in a
coal-burning plant 70 up the stack Transmission
line loss
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Newer ideas are CHP, better efficiencies,
transportation fuels, integrated operations
Hot Water Heat
Electricity
60-70 energy capture
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Newer ideas are CHP, better efficiencies,
transportation fuels, integrated operations
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Newer ideas are CHP, better efficiencies,
transportation fuels, integrated operations
EthanolOther alcohols?DMEEmerging
technologies
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Newer ideas are CHP, better efficiencies,
transportation fuels, integrated operations
Pulp
Paper
Chemicals?
Electricity
Heat
Fuels
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Integration with Existing Industry
Demand for paper wood products has been low and
will remain so for awhile Wood/biomass cost is
correlated with energy cost, so feedstock price
is increasing Profitability is squeezed from
both sides
Traditional forest products industry desperately
needs more revenue from higher value-added
products besides solid wood, pulp and paper
products. . .
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Curb Enthusiasm
Environmental and Availability Issues

• Wood comes from the forest.
• Loggers need economical access.
• The forest is an ecosystem with limits.
• Sustainable harvest needs to continue and many
  safeguards, policies, etc. are already in place.
• Need to look at the potential impacts of
  increased biomass removal from currently managed
  forests as well as currently under/non utilized
  forests.

Perhaps, we need to curb our enthusiasm?
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• Michigan has lots of wood, but how much is
  available and what cost?
• Threats to fiber supply
• high costs, global markets
• ownership parcelization
• owner reluctance to harvest
• land use changes
• Limits are primarily social economic, not
  biological or ecological

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What more could we do?
The biochemical process Hydrolyze ferment ?
Fuels chemicals The thermo chemical
process Pyrolize reform ? Fuels
chemicals Burn wood more efficiently CHP
District Heating Systems
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Whats In It for Loggers?

• Hard to tell.
• Move to whole-tree harvesting?
• Brokers to handle large volumes of wood for
  emerging industries?
• Find ways to economically add currently
  non-commercial species and material into a
  product mix.

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List of whats going on now NewPage-Chemrec Pulp
paper mills Major sawmills board
mills Mascoma Renewafuel-Cliffs Vulcan
Pellets LAnse Power Fuels for Schools
BURN-UP Paradise Briquettes White Pine Power? NMU
co-gen boiler? Escanaba power plant?
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Sweden
Lets Take a Lesson From Sweden

• 27 of total energy consumption from biomass,
  2006
• 1 TWh biofuel 250 - 300 new jobs (Michigan
  consumes 900 TWh / year)
• An increase with 80 TWh biofuel led to more than
  24,000 new jobs
• Manufacturing of equipment led to 8,000 jobs
• Export potential more jobs
• The society benefits income taxes, more jobs,
  more money remains internal, fewer fossil fuels
  consumed

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Much of Their Heat Comes From Woody Biomass
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Bioenergy Percent of Total Energy Use in Sweden,
2005
Source Kjell Andersson
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Breakdown of Bioenergy Sources in Sweden,
1970-2006
TransportationPellets FirewoodBio District
Heat District Heat Bio Industrial Industry
Black Liquor
Source Kjell Andersson
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District Heating - Vadstena
6 MW boiler 2 MW condenser 33 GW each
winter 6,500 people 10 cents/KW
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Combined Heat Power PlantsEnköping
Built 1972 80 conversion efficiency 140 MW
1500 customers 50 miles of pipe 9-10 cents/KWh
to customer
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Electricity from heat and power production 2004
to 2009
Source Kjell Andersson
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Fuel Pellets - Neova
People not on gridExport 110,000
tons/year Spruce Pine mix 10 MW captured from
steam
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Transportation Fuels
The world has yet to see a commercial cellulosic
ethanol plant but its closer.
Linköping Biogas
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Upshots
Upshots?
Adapt
Be smart
Use what ya got
Keep your money local
Be part of the solution
Change is inevitable . . . survival is optional.
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