Lecture 7 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 30

About This Presentation

Title:

Lecture 7

Description:

virtually all music of this sort whether mostly 'classical' or mostly ' ... so-called 'classical' music (i.e., since 1750) songs from Broadway shows ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:58

Avg rating:3.0/5.0

Slides: 31

Provided by: musicA5

Category:

more less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Lecture 7

1
Lecture 7

World views of music

2
Lecture 7
World views of music

or
Non-Western music

3
Lecture 7
World views of music

or
Non-Western music

4
Lecture 7
World views of music

or
Non-Western music

5
Review History of Western music

early Medieval period 1st - 7th centuries
for simple monophonic music in isolated
monastic communities, notation was not necessary
middle Medieval period 8th 10th centuries
a crude form of notation became necessary as the
repertoire of sacred music stabilized and grew
late Medieval period 11th 14th centuries
development of notation that was accurate in
terms of rhythm as well as pitch led to the
possibilities of polyphonic music

6
Review History of Western music

Renaissance 15th 16th centuries
polyphonic music grew increasingly complex in
terms of melody, rhythm, harmony and texture
(i.e., imitative counterpoint)
Baroque 1600 1750
rise of secularism led to dramatic musical
gesture and the concept of music as expressive
of emotions (the doctrine of the affections)
increasingly expressive music led to expansion
of the Pythagorean system and codification of
the tonal system

7
Review History of Western music

Classical period 1750 1800
expansion of the Pythagorean system and
development of tonal system led to functional
harmony
problems with the expanded Pythagorean system
vis-à-vis functional harmony led to the
development of equal temperament
functional tonality experiments with
temperament led to the idea of music as
abstract structure (e.g., the sonata form, with
its exposition, development and recapitulation)
idea of the composer as artisan

8
Review History of Western music

Romantic period 1800 1900
rise of democracy in Europe and America led to
the idea of the composer as artist
functional harmony perfection of equal
temperament increased emphasis on personal
expression led to the idea of music as dramatic
musical structure. In the sonata form
the two themes are presented not just as
contrasting ideas but as ideas in opposition to
one another
the development section represents a conflict
between these two ideas
the recapitulation features not just a
unification of tonalities but a resolution of the
conflict

9
Key Points
Review History of Western music

Western music did not become emotional or
dramatic until ca. 1600 (i.e., with the rise of
secularism and the beginnings of opera)
through most of the Baroque period (1600-1750),
a single piece of music expressed just a single
emotion
in the Classical period (1750-1800), functional
harmony and equal temperament made possible
musical compositions whose structure depended on
contrasting tonal centers
also in the Classical period, a general
simplification of style and an emphasis on
balance, symmetry and proportion led to the idea
of instrumental compositions as abstract
structures
in the Romantic period (1800-1900), large-scale
compositions began to be conceived as dramatic
structures

10
Key Points
Review History of Western music

the structure of most Western written for the
concert-hall since ca. 1800 is at the same time
abstract and (at least to a certain extent)
dramatic
in music of this sort, both the abstract
structure and the dramatic content depend on the
idea of functional harmony and contrasting tonal
centers
virtually all music of this sort whether
mostly classical or mostly romantic in spirit
is linear in design
the music has a clear beginning
the music presents a primary musical idea
if the music features a secondary musical idea,
the two ideas are somehow contrasted with one
another
the music moves, somehow, toward a climax
after the climax, the music features some sort
of resolution
after the resolution, the music reaches a clear
conclusion

11
Summary

Most Western music with which we are familiar
so-called classical music (i.e., since 1750)
songs from Broadway shows
popular songs (i.e., since the days of Tin Pan
Alley)
the typical movie score
jazz (i.e., when it involves so-called
standards)
rock, reggae, rap, country-western, etc., etc.,
etc.
depends hugely on
the tonal system and functional harmony
a basically linear design
a fairly accurate form of notation

12
Most non-Western music

does not depend at all on functional harmony
or notation
and some of it does not feature linear
design.

13
does not depend at all on functional harmony
or notation
Most non-Western music

emphasis on rhythm and ornamented monophonic
melody
pure, Pythagorean intervals
when more than one tone sounds, the resulting
harmonies are static rather than mobile
(i.e., there are chords, but not progressions
of chords)

and some of it does not feature linear design.
14
and some of it does not feature linear design.
Most non-Western music
does not depend at all on functional harmony
or notation

emphasis on rhythm and ornamented monophonic
melody
pure, Pythagorean intervals
when more than one tone sounds, the resulting
harmonies are static rather than mobile
(i.e., there are chords, but not progressions
of chords)

constant variation but no movement toward
climax
sections contrast with one another, but not in a
hierarchy
the music pre-exists its actual performance

15
These concepts are at odds with Western music
since ca. 1600

but not with earlier Western music.

emphasis on rhythm and ornamented monophonic
melody
pure, Pythagorean intervals
when more than one tone sounds, the resulting
harmonies are static rather than mobile
(i.e., there are chords, but not progressions
of chords)

constant variation but no movement toward
climax
sections contrast with one another, but not in a
hierarchy
the music pre-exists its actual performance

16
Why is Western culture the only culture in the
world whose music depends on
Question

functional harmony
equal temperament
notation

????????
17
Max Weber (1864-1920)The Rational and Social
Foundations of Music

it has to do with the increasing
rationalization of Western culture, beginning
with the ancient Greeks and continuing through
The Enlightenment, the Industrial Age and into
the high tech twentieth century.
not a Darwinian celebration of the superiority
of Western (i.e., German) culture
rather, a critique of Western culture

18
The major non-Western musical cultures