Natural Sciences and Social Responsibilities of Leading Universities: Pacific Case

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Natural Sciences and Social Responsibilities of
Leading Universities Pacific Case
Vladimir I. Kurilov, S.J.D., LL.D.President, Far
Eastern National UniversityAPRU APM Open Forum,
29 June 2009
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We all are united by global challenges and global
problems

• The economic crisis
• Pandemics
• Hunger
• Water, air, and soil pollution
• Depletion of natural resources
• Human ecosystem degradation
• Genome modifications

• UN
• G8
• G20
• WTO
• EU
• APEC
• APRU

today we have
but are we really ready to produce adequate
global answers?
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The Russian philosopher Alexander Gerzen called
the Pacific Ocean "the Mediterranean of the
future humankind (1858). However, the
integration of Pacific society is still far
behind the integration of European and other
Mediterranean countries political and economic
structures like the EU will be impossible in the
Pacific Rim for many decades. Pacific
universities are responsible for creating
integrated regional economic, cultural,
educational and research societies of the future.
APRU should be a flagship of these activities.

• Current international regulatory systems are not
  effective enough to cope with the economic crisis
  and global environmental problems, e.g. recent
  G20 initiatives and WTO guidelines to avoid
  protectionism. The global free market is an
  extended version of pre-depression American
  economy of 1920s
• National regulatory systems produce well enforced
  national answers to international economic and
  environmental problems but these answers
  sometimes contradict each other and do not
  compose a systematic global answer of humankind
  as a whole to global problems
• Regional research-intensive systems like APRU are
  test beds for effective global systems of the
  future

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Focus World Ocean

• The move to World Ocean biological and mineral
  resources, and the growing need for World Ocean
  environmental protection are among the most
  important long term trends of human civilization
  development.
• This trend is an answer of our civilization to
  such global challenges as hunger, depletion of
  natural resources, and global ecological
  problems. Research of marine biota produces
  medicines and food important for future human
  health
• on the global level.
• This trend requires innovative technologies, a
  highly qualified labor force, and international
  cooperation of a scale impossible earlier and
  hardly imaginable now.
• The way to World Ocean resources is through
  multi-disciplinary research and mass higher
  education - through the leading research
  universities and through their effective
  international cooperation.
• The Association of Pacific Rim Universities can
  and must be
• a powerful catalyst for these activities.

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FENU Proposal APRU World Ocean Institute

• Ongoing APRU activities related to this proposal
  1st-5th Research Symposiums on Multi-hazards
  around the Pacific Rim - Earthquake, Tsunami,
  Volcanic and Geological Hazards and Approaches
  for Mitigation
• Possible extensions annual APRU World Ocean
  Symposiums, APRU World Ocean Research and
  Education Center, and APRU World Ocean Institute
• Should we use Pacific Ocean or World Ocean in
  the titles of these initiatives? Our preference
  is World Ocean, because it is more related to the
  global impact of our fundamental and applied
  research, even though it is sometimes focused on
  the Pacific Ocean or its particular region
• Sustainable development, integrated solution of
  economic and ecological problems
• Inter-disciplinary, comprehensive, cooperative
  approach of Pacific Rim leading research
  universities to World Ocean as a complex
  inter-dependent system this approach must deal
  with biological, geological, physical, chemical,
  environmental, and various other issues related
  to the World Ocean
• The same approach should apply to human projects
  of using and changing this system

FENU can host and coordinate this activity in
its World Ocean Innovative Technological Center.
Why we are able and interested to do this?
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World Ocean Innovative Technological Center, a
joint subdivision of FENU and the Russian
Academy of Sciences
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World Ocean Innovative Technological Center
Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Approach

• Biological, physical, chemical, geological,
  mathematical, environmental, historical,
  judicial, and archeological issues are studied in
  relation
• to World Ocean as a whole and its various
  specific regions complex systematic approach to
  complex phenomena
• Combination and interaction of fundamental and
  applied research
• RD activities of the Center include search
• for underwater mineral resources, detailed
  underwater mapping of various parameters,
  forecasts of dangerous and catastrophic events
• and processes, navigation safety research,
  monitoring of biological resources, production
• of medicines and biologically active compounds
• and hydro-meteorological research development of
  marine research technologies
• These activities are related to the seashore
  coast, shelf, continental slope and bottom of the
  Ocean and its seas
• The core of the technical equipment for this
  research are remote controlled underwater robots

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Recent FENU Research Results in Marine Biology
and Biotechnology
FENU tries to answer global challenges with
research at the cutting edge of technology we
want to share the most interesting and important
results of this research obtained by one
subdivision of the FENU World Ocean Innovative
Technological Center the Academy of Ecology,
Marine Biology and Biotechnology
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New type of vaccines composed of natural marine
substances lipids and saponins
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Purpose of the research fundamental research in
the field of immunology and vaccinology to
produce more effective immunological adjuvants
and new types of nontoxic immune-stimulating
complexes (ISCOMs). Results A new carrier of
subunit protein antigens was developed that
demonstrates more potential immunological
properties than common ISCOMs and Freunds
adjuvant this carrier was named TI-complex.
Immunological research shows high safety and
great immunomodulating potential of TI-complexes
and their components. TI-complexes are able to
enhance significantly the immune response against
bacterial antigens. This development combines the
increasing efficacy and safety of antigen
preparations.
ISCOM-based vaccines form a new type of
vaccines. Conventional ISCOMs include artificial
nanoparticles, composed of saponin Quil A,
cholesterol and phospholipids (usually from egg
yolk). These particles have size about 40 nm, a
typical size of virions. ISCOM is an effective
media for presentation of antigens to
immunosites it is also a potent adjuvant.
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Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology has
developed immune-stimulating nanocarriers of
subunit antigens that have super-molecular
structure of a new type. These carriers are
composed of well-investigated biologically active
compounds derived from marine hydrobionts.
Components of these carriers are highly safe for
humans and have greater biological properties in
comparison to well-known analogs. Application of
these carriers in the field of development of new
subunit vaccines promises significant cost
reduction.
In 2008, three patents have been issued for these
research results
Patent No. 2319506 (application No.
2005131645/13(035476)) Patent holder Far
Eastern National University Authors N.M.
Sanina, A.M. Popov, I.A. Li, E.Ya. Kostetskiy,
A.B. Tsybulsky, and V.L. Shnyrov Patent No.
2322259 ( application No. 2006123270/13(025252))
Patent holder Far Eastern National University
Authors A.M. Popov, I.A. Li, E.Ya. Kostetskiy,
N.M. Sanina, A.B. Tsybulsky, V.L. Shnyrov, and
A.N. Mazeika Patent No. 2311926 (application No.
2006104795\13(005189)) Patent holder Far
Eastern National University Authors E.Ya.
Kostetskiy, A.M. Popov, N.M. Sanina I.A. Li, A.B.
Tsybulsky, and V.L. Shnyrov
Electron photomicrography of conventional
ISCOM-matrices (Kersten, Crommelin, 1995)
Powerful immune-stimulating nanocarriers have
been produced from Pacific marine hydrobionts
these results will be used in medical
applications.
Electron photomicrography of TI-complexes
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Lipids of marine invertebrates are used as
potential cryoprotectors
Purpose of the research screening of new
medicines with potential cryoprotector properties
and optimization of their concentration in
cryoprotective mixtures that provide maximum cell
viability of marine hydrobionts after
cryopreservation.
The findings provide the basis for creation of
new cryoprotectors for cells of marine
hydrobionts. It is an essential step to creation
of an animal cryobank.
In 2008, a patent was issued for these research
results
Patent No. 2314687 (application No.
2005131645/13(035476)) Patent holders Far
Eastern National University and Institute of
Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences Authors N.A. Odintsova,
A.V. Boroda, N.V. Ageenko, and E. Ya. Kostetskiy
Impressive results were obtained in the field of
marine hydrobiont cryopreservation. These results
will help to protect and study the biological
diversity of the Ocean they are important for
survival of many marine species.
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Department of Cell Biology
Purpose of the research development of the
biopolymer matrixes which program chemical and
mechanical induction of stem cell differentiation
to produce artificial tissue implants

• Background
• Designing of artificial tissue implants based on
  the stem cell technology is one of the most
  challenging tasks of modern biomedical science
  and technology.
• The use of stem cells as direct instruments for
  tissue reparation, treatment of degenerative
  diseases and posttraumatic pathologies can be
  dangerous due to the stem cells potency for
  cancer genesis, and ineffective because it often
  doesn't lead to forming the appropriate
  functional cell types.

• The technology will produce heterogeneous
  micropatterned nanoscaffolds basically consisting
  of proteins, carbohydrates and glycoconjugates
  using the high precision multi-channel jet
  printing and high efficiency electrotransfer.
• Application of these matrixes as a substrate for
  cell layers and three-dimensional associations
  will provide an opportunity to produce the
  artificial tissue implants.
• Such matrixes will act as the chemical and
  mechanical inducers of the stem cells
  differentiation, allow of constructing gradient
  fields for directed cell growth and promote
  creation of an artificial tissue pattern of the
  implants.

FENU researchers develop unique biopolymer
matrixes obtained from marine invertebrates
these matrixes will be used for stem cell
production of artificial tissue implants.
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Stem cell applications in medicine will give
people of the current and future generations many
additional decades of high quality life marine
biota will help these technologies to become
more safe and effective through nano-sized
processes.
Putting the stem cell suspension on the matrix
Using the constructed tissue implant
Tissue implant
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Micropatterned nanoheterogeneous matrixes may
direct stem cells to multiple pathways
Stem cell active proliferation
Growth retardation with pluripotency preservation
One of the matrix types
Directed growth and differentiation along the
composite tracks
Neuron formation for further tissue implants
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Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture
Purpose of the research identifying trends and
reasons of changes of coastal ecosystem
biodiversity in the Sea of Japan and developing
methods to identify their taxonomic composition
and relationships

• The structure and hierarchy of temporal
  populations of Pacific salmon (genus
  Oncorhynchus) was researched.
• The species composition of the following families
  in the north-west part of the Sea of Japan was
  studied Stichaeidae, Pleuronectidae,
  Syngnathidae.
• Molecular phylogenetic study of cyprinoid fish
  and flatfish in the waters of the Russian Far
  East was performed.
• The structure of coastal ecosystems was studied
  along with composition of autumn zooplankton of
  the North-West part of the Sea of Japan in the
  shallow bay Vytyaz (within Peter the Great Bay)
  and Kievka (northern part of Primorsky region).

Intensive FENU research is focused on the
protection of marine ecosystem biodiversity.
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Department of Botany
Purpose of the research protection of seashore
plant communities of the Russian Far East and
adjacent countries

• Monitoring studies of flora were performed at
  previous test areas along the pipeline of the
  Sakhalin-2 project.
• New test areas were established at aquatic and
  swamp regions conditions of rare and endangered
  species of plants were measured.
• The Department of Botany continues its
  collaboration with the National University of
  Chonbuk (Korean Republic), conducting their joint
  research of moss. Collection of 1,000 floral
  specimens from Eastern Asia were identified,
  handling of specimens of the family Ericaceae and
  identification of herbarium was performed for the
  monograph dedicated to Korean flora. More than
  800 herbarium speciments were identified.

Simultaneous solution of economic and ecological
problems, a typical task of our time, was used
for the famous Sakhalin-2 oil gas extraction
project FENU researchers were responsible for
the ecological component of this project.
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Thin Film Laboratory Nanotechnologies Research
and Education Center

• The research identified technological parameters
  of nano-size multi-layer films that allow to
  reduce the size of magnet domains by 5 times in
  relation to one-layer films to 430 nm. Patent
  application has been submitted for these research
  results.
• Ultra-thin multi-layer iron/semiconductor
  nanogeterostructures were produced requiring 10
  times less magnet field level for magnetic
  reversal in relation to one-layer films.
• Magnetic nano-points sized about 100 nm were
  studied for developing ultra-dense data recording
  media.

We pay a special attention to development of
research in nano-technologies it is a real
solution to mineral resource depletion problem.
FENUs research team in this field, one of the
leading in Russia, is specialized in multi-layer
films of nano-level.
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FAR EASTERN NATIONAL/FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
Russian Island Campus, Stage 1 (2008 - 2012)
Conference Center (85,000 m2) Institute of
Oriental Studies, Institute of Russian Language
and Culture, Institute of Foreign Languages,
Institute of History, Philosophy and Culture (up
to 4,200 students)
Press Center (40,000 m2) Institute of Mass
Communications, Far Eastern Institute of
Innovative Technologies and Quality, Institute of
Mathematics and Computer Science (up to 3,300
students)
Dormatories and Apartments (295,000 m2) Dorms
for 9,000 students and apartments for 1,000
faculty members, researchers and staff
In total, the stage 1 campus infrastructure will
support face-to-face higher education for 12,000
students, including up to 1,000 international
students
Degree programs in 34 specialties will be
provided on this campus
The opportunities of FENU participation in APRU
research and education activities, including
World Ocean studies, will be considerably
increased in the near future. In 2009, FENU will
become the 3rd federal university of Russia by
2012 FENU will build the best modern university
campus of Russia, capable to host 6,000
participants of APEC 2012 Summit. The
construction of this campus started in April
2009. But much more important than the campus
construction, is the federal program of
all-dimensional FENU development, including
purchase of unique research equipment. The first
federal funds transfer for this purpose was
received by FENU in May 2009.
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FAR EASTERN NATIONAL/FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
Russian Island Campus, Stage 2 (2012 - 2025)
FENU Russian Island Campus extension has been
planned in detail up to 2025
Campus Zone A (Northern Campus Zone) Institute of
Physical Education and Sports (500 students,
5,000 m2) International Business School, Schools
of Finance and Economics (9000 students, 35,100
m2) Law School (4,000 students, 23,600
m2) Institute of Research Information
Fundamental Library (20,000 m2) Dorms for 13,000
students In total, the Northern Campus Zone
infrastructure will support face-to-face higher
education for 13,500 students Academic
buildings 88,700 m2 or more
Campus Zone B (Central Campus Zone) Institute of
Pedagogy and Education (2,200 students, 10,400
m2) Institute of Psychology and Social
Science (2,000 students, 9,500 m2) Institute of
Professional Development and Institute of
Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Programs (7,000 m2)
Institute of Pre-University Training, Lyceum
(University-based high school) (4,000 students,
25,000 m2) Dorms for 6,000 students In total,
the Central Campus Zone infrastructure will
support face-to-face education for 8,200
students Academic buildings 51,900 m2 or more
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FAR EASTERN NATIONAL/FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
Russian Island Campus, Stage 2, Zones C D (2012
- 2025)
Campus Zone C (Ajax Campus Zone) Institute of
International Tourism and Hospitality (3,000
students, 16,500 m2) Vladivostok Institute of
International Relations in the Pacific Rim (3,800
students, 21,000 m2) Institute of Art and Culture
(1,000 students, 8,900 m2) Center of Public
Political Technologies in the Pacific Rim and
Asian Studies (2,300 m2) Pacific Center of
Russian Language and Culture (2,000 m2) Center of
International Education (2,000 students, 8,000
m2) Dorms for 7,500 students In total, the Ajax
Campus Zone infrastructure will support
face-to-face higher education for 9,800 students,
including 3,000 international students Academic
buildings 58,700 m2 or more
Campus Zone D (Southern Campus Zone) Mathematical
and Natural Sciences schools (2,000 students,
40,000 m2) Medical School (4,000 students, 33,600
m2) Technical and Technological schools (6,000
students, 43,200 m2) Innovative Technological
Center in Marine Sciences (21,800 m2) Innovative
Technological Center of Nanotechnologies and
Nano-Engineering (11,800 m2) Biotechnology RD
Park (5,400 m2) Business Incubator (4,000
m2) Center of Technical Support (5,000 m2) Dorms
for 11, 400 students 2,200 engineers and
researchers will be employed in the Southern
Campus Zone research centers In total, the
Southern Campus Zone infrastructure will support
face-to-face higher education for 12,000
students Academic buildings 164,800 m2 or more
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FAR EASTERN NATIONAL/FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
Russian Island Campus, Stage 2 (2012 - 2025)
Infrastructure for General Purposes Main
Administrative Building (10,000 m2) Apartments
for faculty members, researchers and staff
(840,000 m2) Kindergartens for 5,590
pupils General secondary schools for 12,040
students Specialized secondary schools for 1,290
students Clinics for 2,580 visitors per
shift Supermarkets Summer Theater Sports
Building Open air sports facilities Water
Stadium
In our new campus, we want to build a model of a
sustainable, educated, high tech, interactive
society of the future. Its location on a wild
Pacific island near a city downtown, near the
major Pacific sea gate of Russia is symbolic. We
want to develop advanced, internationally
integrated economy, at the same time protecting
and studying the wild nature we focus on the
Pacific Ocean as an extending environment of the
future humankind. Here, in the Pacific Rim, all
of us university people must unite and interact
in answer to global economic and ecological
problems that we face and foresee.
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The Place for APRU World Ocean Institute in the
Structure of Other APRU Activities

• Annual Meetings
• Annual Presidents Meeting
• Senior Staff Meeting
• Institutions
• APRU World Institute (AWI)
• APRU IT Initiatives Standing Committee
• APRU Ph.D. Student Summer Institute - APRU
  Business Deans Meetings initiative
• APRU World Ocean Institute (AWOI) - FENUs and
  Russian Academy of Sciences proposal)
• Human Capital Development Activities
• Chief Information Officers Forum
• Education and Research Technology Forum
• Deans Meetings
• Fellows Program
• Symposiums
• Brain and Mind Symposium

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Possible Structure and Activities of APRU World
Ocean Institute

• AWOI Standing Committee
• Multi-national
• Includes coordinators representing each
  interested APRU member
• Acts through the whole year via email exchange,
  teleconferences, and web site announcements
• AWOI may be formed as a consortium of APRU member
  university subdivisions (schools, research
  centers, laboratories), related to oceanic
  studies, such as the FENU World Ocean Innovative
  Technological Center
• Annual APRU World Ocean Symposium
• Varied locations the hosting selection procedure
  similar to the other APRU annual events
• Research Symposium on Multi-hazards around the
  Pacific Rim - Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcanic and
  Geological Hazards and Approaches for Mitigation
  may become a section of the extended symposium or
  remain a separate event
• Research and Educational Projects
• Biological, physical, chemical, geological,
  mathematical, environmental, historical,
  judicial, archeological, and other issues
  related to the World Ocean
• Projects including many APRU member universities
  and creation of an international network of
  researchers
• Multi-disciplinary approaches should be
  encouraged

The first APRU World Ocean Symposium can be
hosted by FENU and the Far Eastern Branch of the
Russian Academy of Sciences in Summer 2010 or 2011
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Thank You for Your Attention!
Zhitkova Harbor
Ajax Harbor
Balka Harbor
Paris Harbor
Sapernyi Peninsula
Website of the Far Eastern National
University http//fenu.ru FENU Presidents
email rectorat_at_dvgu.ru FENU International Dept.
email office_at_dip.dvgu.ru