Chapter 6

1
Chapter 6 7 The United States and
Canada

• History and Government

2
Shaping the United States

• The US occupies nearly 40 of North America
• For thousands of years immigrants of all sorts
  have come here to find a better life
• This constant immigration and migration of people
  is a recurring theme in the development of the US

3
Shaping the U.S.

• Native immigrants were undisturbed until
  Europeans began to explore the New World
• The Spanish explored the South and Southwest
  looking for gold
• In 1565 they founded St. Augustine, FL., the
  oldest permanent European settlement in the U.S.

4
Shaping the United States

• French and English came later in the 1600s and
  settled the South and lands around the St.
  Lawrence river
• The coming of the Europeans brought the Colombian
  Exchange

5
Shaping the U.S.

• French and English fought for control of America
  and England won all territory east of Mississippi
  in 1763
• Tight English rule led to American revolution,
  which led to U.S. independence in 1783

6
Shaping United States

• In 1803 size of new nation doubled when territory
  was purchased from France. Vast plains between
  the Mississippi river and the Rocky mountains
  acquired through the Louisiana Purchase

7
Shaping the U.S.

• By early 1800s immigrants from Western Europe
  were arriving in great numbers
• Many settled in the industrialized cities in the
  Northeast some moved to rich farmlands of the
  Midwest

8
Shaping the U.S.

• Sectionalism began to grow. People were placing
  loyalty to their region over loyalty to their
  nation
• Tensions grew between agriculture South and the
  industrialized North
• Civil War tore the country apart for 4 years
  (1861-1865)

9
Shaping the U.S.

• Pioneers in covered wagons began to head West
• Wagon trains could take 6 months to reach their
  destinations
• To make room, government moved Indians, either by
  treaty or by force

10
Shaping the US

• Railroads brought people to the West and cattle
  to the East
• 1890- 17,000,000 people lived between the
  Mississippi River and the Pacific
• The frontier had been settled

11
Industrializing the US

• Immigrants settled into urban areas undergoing
  industrialization
• Boston, New York, Pittsburgh and Cleveland
  expanded rapidly
• People flocked to cities to work in textiles,
  steel mills, food processing
• America changes from rural/agricultural to
  urban/industrial

12
Becoming a World Power

• US always tried to avoid getting in foreign
  affairs believed in isolationism
• Two World Wars and a global depression forced US
  to get involved

13
Social Change

• Last half of 20th century people began to migrate
  from cities to suburbia
• Immigration still strong, but mainly from Latin
  America and Asia
• 1960s saw much civil unrest
• Economy boomed

14
Global Society

• U.S. becomes world superpower
• Technological advances revolutionize the
  workplace
• U.S. political influence spreads after Cold War

15
Government

• 3 separate, but equal, branches of federal
  government (Executive, Judicial, Legislative)
• Powers are divided between Federal and State
  governments

16
Economy and Culture

• U.S. has about 7 of worlds land area and 5 of
  population but it has the worlds largest economy
• U.S. accounts for 10 of worlds exports
• Most powerful, diverse and technologically
  advanced economy in the world

17
Economic Power

• Contributing factors to successful economy
• Available natural resources
• Skilled labor force
• Stable political system

18
Economic Power

• Individuals own most of the resources, technology
  and business instead of the government
• U.S. is world leader in agriculture,
  manufacturing and global trade

19
Agricultural Giant

• US supplies 40 of worlds corn, 20 of cotton
  and 10 of wheat/cattle/hogs
• Different products produced in different parts of
  country
• Midwest and South have crop farming
• West has livestock ranching

20
Industrial Giant

• Industrial output of US is larger than any other
  country
• Leading industries petroleum, steel, chemicals,
  electronics, food processing, lumber, mining
• Major industrial centers located along Atlantic
  coast and Great Lakes

21
Industrial Giant

• Some areas associated with certain products
• Seattle- airplanes
• Pittsburgh- steel
• Detroit- cars
• Silicon Valley- computers

22
Postindustrial economy

• US economy today is driven by service industries
• Nearly 75 of Americans hold service jobs (info,
  medicine, finance, education)
• Many businesses are multinational

23
Northeast

• Covers only 5 of land area but has 20 of
  population heart of trade for country Rust Belt
  (named because of the declining traditional
  industries) current industries are electronics,
  communications and chemicals, steel and
  petroleum gateway to America significant
  physical feature is proximity to Atlantic Ocean
  nations 1st megalopolis developed in Northeast
  (BosWash)

24
Northeast

• New England- Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire,
  Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut
• Middle Atlantic States- Pennsylvania, New York,
  New Jersey

25
Midwest (12 states)

• Occupies 20 of land and 25 of people called
  Americas Heartland known for agriculture vast
  flatlands and waterways (Great Lakes, Miss.
  River) main crops are corn, wheat, soybeans,
  meat and dairy goods industries are steel and
  auto-making Chicago is cultural, financial and
  transportation hub major cities (Detroit,
  Cleveland, St. Louis, Cincinnati, KC) developed
  near water

26
Midwest

• Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin,
  Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South
  Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas

27
South

• Covers 25 of land and contains 33 of
  population 11 states made up the Confederacy
  warm climate and fertile soils referred to as
  the Sunbelt because of the climate agriculture
  (cotton, rice, tobacco) still strong huge energy
  resources (oil, coal, natural gas) Atlanta is
  hub of new South

28
South

• Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West
  Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South
  Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida,
  Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas,
  Oklahoma

29
West

• Covers 50 of land and only 20 of people most
  rapidly growing region in US in population
  California is most populous state in US Los
  Angeles is cultural and commercial center growth
  helped by invention of air conditioning and
  irrigation industries are filmmaking, ranching,
  logging, mining, computers trade with Asia
  through Seattle and LA

30
West

• Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Idaho,
  Utah, Arizona, Alaska, Washington, Oregon,
  California, Nevada, Hawaii

31
Dust Bowl

• States affected Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico,
  Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, North and South
  Dakota, Montana, Colorado
• Severe drought dried up rivers killing crops and
  livestock
• Caused hunger, poverty, homelessness

32
Dust Bowl

• Many people went to California and worked as
  migrant farm laborers
• Overplowing and overgrazing led to disaster
• In 1930s, more than 2 million people fled to
  West looking for work
• Drought lasted for over a decade

33
Oh, Canada! (Chapter 7)

• First settlers came from Asia (ancestors of
  Inuits)
• French and English came in 16th and 17th
  centuries
• French and Indian war caused French territory to
  become British

34
Canada

• British government passed British North America
  Act in 1867 that established the Dominion of
  Canada
• 1885- transcontinental RR completed (between
  Montreal and Vancouver) linking coasts by rail
  which helped speed expansion

35
Canada

• Gained independence from Britain in 1931
• Set up a parliamentary government similar to
  England
• Parliament has appointed Senate and elected House
  of Commons
• Majority party leader is Prime Minister

36
Canada

• Primary industries are logging, mining, farming
  and fishing
• Service industries employ more people than all
  other industries combined
• Canada relies on trade NAFTA opened easier trade
  between US and Mexico (85 of exports go south
  and 75 of imports come from south)

37
Canada

• Officially a bi-lingual country (English speaking
  majority and French speaking minority)
• Predominant religions are Catholic and Protestant
• Where people settled determined by harsh climate
  and transportation availability

38
Canada

• Men, by a slight margin, make up the work force
  (55 vs. 45)
• Population is largely urban
• Oldest university is named Laval and is located
  in Quebec
• Annual leisure events are Quebec Winter Carnival
  and Calgary Stampede

39
Canada

• Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3
  territories
• Atlantic (Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick,
  Nova Scotia and Newfoundland) only 8 of
  population because of poor terrain and weather
• (Air traffic was diverted to Gander on 9/11)

40
Canada

• Core Provinces (Quebec-largest in people and
  Ontario-largest in land) heartland of Canada
  Ottawa located in Ontario home to manufacturing,
  banking and agriculture
• Prairie Provinces (Manitoba, Alberta
  Saskatchewan) breadbasket of Canada

41
Canada

• British Columbia- westernmost province lies
  within Rockies Vancouver (largest port) located
  here
• Territories (Yukon, Northwest, Nunavut) too few
  people to create a province Nunavut home to
  Inuits

42
Todays Issues (Chapter 8)

• Terrorism may be greatest threat to Americas
• 9-11 now recognized around the world
• Attack led by Osama bin Laden, part of Al Qaeda
  terrorist network
• US formed coalition (Canada, China, Great
  Britain, Russia and others) to fight terrorism

43
Todays Issues

• Urban sprawl becoming an increasing concern
• Can affect outdoor activities, types of jobs and
  transportation
• Factors- unrestricted growth, unlimited use of
  cars, and growth of expressways
• Solutions- smart growth and sustainable
  communities