MICEUK

1
MICE-UK UKNF presentations

• Introduction K. Long
• MICE-UK
• The MICE experiment J. Cobb
• Summary of request K. Long
• UKNF
• The UKNF RD programme C. Prior
• Summary of request K. Long

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Neutrino physics and the Neutrino Factory

• Introduction

CCLRC (ASTeC, EID, ISIS, PPD), Brunel, Durham,
Glasgow, HPRF Faraday, Lancaster/Cockcroft,
Liverpool, Imperial, Oxford/Adams, Sheffield,
Southampton, Warwick
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Fundamental particle sudoku
Patterns and hierarchies

• Properties repeat across generations
• Within generations properties exhibit patterns
  (e.g. Sq 0)
• Particle masses are hierarchical
• Why?

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Symmetries beyond the SM

• Super-symmetry
• Symmetry in spin space
• Generations/families
• The result of some family symmetry?
• SU(3)family?
• Pattern of properties within one generation
• B L symmetry?
• Grand Unified Theory (GUT), e.g. SO(10)?

Supersymmetric partner of the neutrino may be
inflaton
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To understand the physics of flavour

• See-saw mechanism gives a natural explanation
  of both
• Small neutrino mass
• Large lepton mixing angles
• so neutrino probes physics at very high mass
  scales
• Create observed baryon asymmetry through heavy,
  Majorana, neutrinos?
• Detailed understanding of properties of neutrino
  is required to understand the physics of
  flavour.Precision! Goal comparable to quark
  sector

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Towards the precision era

• Around 2012 expect
• Significant improvements in ?12, ?23, ?m122,
  ?m132
• Possibly a measurement of ?13, sign(?m122)
• Natural time to plan route to high precision
• Three types of facility proposed for precision
  era
• Second-generation super-beam
• Beta-beam
• Neutrino Factory
• April 2005 J. Wood (CEO, CCLRC) requests 1 yr
  International Scoping Study of a future Neutrino
  Factory and super-beam facility (the ISS) to
• Compare physics performance of the various
  facilities
• Prepare baseline options for Neutrino Factory
  accelerator and detection systems

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ISS conclusion physics
sin22?13
CP violation
Masshierarchy
ISS 2006
ISS 2006
Neutrino Factory
Neutrino Factory
Neutrino Factory
ISS 2006

• ISS sensitivity comparison
• Neutrino Factory offers best performance over
  most of the parameter space
• High-gamma beta beam comparable CP sensitivity
  for
• For Neutrino Factory, beta-beam, and
  super-beam performance comparable

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ISS conclusion baselines

• 100 (50) kT magnetised iron detector
• Two baselines
• 3000 5000 km
• 7000 8000 km

• Store µ µ- simultaneously
• 1021 muon decays/yr
• Eµ 25 GeV

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The International Design Study

• Require high-sensitivity programme in second
  half of next decade
• Goal first beam 2019
• Seven year build phase
• Implies
• Full CDR 2012
• Interim design report 2010

• NuFact06 mandate

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The International Design Study

• Require high-sensitivity programme in second
  half of next decade
• Goal first beam 2019
• Seven year build phase
• Implies
• Full CDR 2012
• Interim design report 2010

• NuFact06 mandate

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The MICE-UK and UKNF programmes

• Conceived as
• UK contributions to first three years of IDS
  accelerator programme
• Designed to
• Maintain and enhance UK leadership position
• Establish UK competence in key technologies
• Establish team with recognised capability to
  mount a bid to host or to make substantial
  contributions wherever facility is sited
• UKNF collaboration will also
• Continue to develop theorist, phenomenologist,
  experimenter networking
• Seek to initiate modest detector RD activity

13
Proposal for UK participation in Phase II of the
International Muon Ionisation Cooling
Experiment and request for resources to exploit
the experiment The MICE-UK Collaboration
i-MICE 38 institutions in UK, US, JP, China
Europe
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A Neutrino Factory
Store 20 GeV muons in a ring m decays ? nm and
ne Detectors at few x 1000 km
q13 non zero then ne ? nm ? wrong sign muons at
detector
Difference in oscillation rates between conjugate
channels
? Leptonic CP violation
Need to store 1021 muons / year Muons are
tertiary beams ? must cool before acceleration
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COOLING

• Accelerators have limited acceptance in phase
  space
• Muon beams from pion decay occupy large volume of
  p.s.
• wide sx 10 cm
• divergent sq 150 mr
• i.e. have large normalised emittance, en

• en 15 20 (p) mm-rad initially
• Cooling reduce emittance ? 2 10 x number
  of m into accelerator
• Highly advantageous for a NF essential for muon
  collider
• Finite muon lifetime ? conventional cooling (e.g.
  stochastic) too slow
• Ionisation cooling the only practical possibility

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IONISATION COOLING is simple

• Pass muons of 200 MeV/c through
• absorbers ? reduce pt and pl
• RF replaces pl
• ? beam cooled
• Emittance decreases exponentially

• ltdE/dXgt versus scattering (X0)
• ? low Z absorber material
• ? tight focus (low b function)

• Figure of Merit X0 ltdE/dXgt
• ? H2 is best absorber material

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MICE in new 200 MeV/c muon beam at RAL
Section of Cooling Channel Emittance
measurements PID

• Design, build, commission operate realistic
  section of cooling channel
• Measure performance in variety of operating modes
  beam conditions
• Results will inform the NF CDR
  Engineering is challenging

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EXPECTED PERFORMANCE
Change in emittance at absorber De / e - ( Dp/p
) ( 1-e0/e ) 5 momentum loss in each absorber
? 15 cooling for large e beam Equilibrium
emittance for H2 e0 2.5 (p)
mm-radians (acceptance of accelerators in NF 15
30 (p) mm-radians) ? Measure De to 1
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MICE EXPERIMENTAL HALL (ISIS RAL ED)
ISIS
Old HEP test beam area at RAL
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MICE ASSEMBLY STEPS
MICE assembled in steps I II characterise
beam III control systematics IV demonstrate
cooling V cooling re-acceleration VI full
lattice section
Q4/07
Q2/08
Q1/09
Q3/09
Q1/10
UK deliverables for Phase I Hall
Infrastructure, Muon Beam, Sci-Fi Tracker RD
for Phase II UK deliverables for Phase II, FY 07
09 (this request) Hall, Infrastructure
Integration Management Focus Coil modules
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BEAMLINE (ISIS / RAL-ED / GLASGOW / ICL / i-MICE )
Need large emittance beam Target dips into ISIS
halo ? pions ? muons Muons captured in SC
solenoid (PSI
Zurich) Beam transport tuneable 140 240
MeV/c Lead diffuser ? emittances of 2, 6, 10 (p)
mm-rad Aim is 600 muons / 1 msec spill _at_ 1Hz
through MICE Extensively studied with linear
optics codes GEANT4 simulations
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NEW ISIS TARGET (Sheffield / RAL / DL / Oxford)
Shuttle
Stator
Titanium blade on (1 x 10 x 35mm)
magnetic shuttle Beam tests planned for November
Mechanism on new ISIS beam tube
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BEAMLINE COMPONENTS
All magnets at RAL detailed engineering in
progress PSUs on order
Engineering for pion capture section (Liverpool)
PSI Solenoid at RAL insulation OK Cryogenics
being built delivery end 06 Commission Q1 07
Diffuser change mechanism (Oxford)
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HYDROGEN SYSTEM (RAL ED)
Each absorber contains 22 litres of Hydrogen
Hydrogen stored in hydride beds first bed
delivered RD system being developed mimic
absorber functionality use as test cryostat
for absorbers eventually for first absorber
Safety ? reviews HAZOPs of system ? inform
design (in progress)
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SPECTROMETER SOLENOIDS (US)
50cm warm bore
5 superconducting coils ? uniform 4T field over
gt1 m for sci-fi tracker US (LBL) responsibility
engineering FEA from Oxford Contracts placed in
June 2006 Delivery of first unit autumn 2007
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SCI-FI TRACKER (ICL / Brunel / Liverpool / US /
JP)
Low mass Sci-Fi tracker inside solenoid 5 planes
x 3 views 350 micron fibres VLPC
readout Cosmic ray tests with 3 planes 4-plane
prototype tested at KEK Light yield (10pe) is
OK Production QC expertise gained Data used as
input to simulations ? can measure to de/e
1/1000
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PID DETECTORS (IT/BE/US)
Upstream Time of Flight TOF0 TOF1 Aerogel
Cerenkov ?p /m separation Downstream TOF2
Calorimeter ? m / e separation Up Downstream
TOFs ? RF phase of muons (50ps timing) Work in
Oxford on design of magnetic shields for TOF pmts
Upstream Ckov tests at Fermilab in July
TOF Calorimeter components tested at Frascati
in July
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HYDROGEN ABSORBERS (JP/US)
Full size LH2 absorber Tested with H2 and He
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MAGNETICS (OXFORD RAL-ED)
Fields at cryocoolers
Shielding for PID PMTs
Shielding in Hall ISIS control room
Many magnetic calculations of entire system
including Forces Stray fields Shielding
Quench analysis for entire channel
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PHASE 2 PROPOSAL
WP1 Hall, Infrastructure, Management of
Installation Integration (ISIS / RAL-ED / DL /
Oxford / Lancaster / Imperial)

• Implement additional infrastructure required for
  cooling section
• Install magnet PSUs / Expand water system /
  Incorporate modules into vacuum control systems
• Integrate ex-LBNL CERN amplifiers into RF power
  system
• Provide RF power distribution splitters
• Procure 6 TH116 tubes
• Procure 2nd and 3rd Hydrogen systems
• Management of engineering integration
  installation
• MICE experiment
• Continue engineering oversight of integration of
  cooling channel interfaces, diffuser.
• MICE hall
• Drawing management, define installation
  tolerances, acceptance tests, support structures,
  pressure vessel certification, safety .

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WP2 FOCUS COIL MODULES (Oxford RAL-ED)
Key components of cooling section Two S/C coils
inside warm-bore cryostat ? focus beam at
absorbers Tightly integrated assemblies Based
on FS2 conceptual design ? Significant evolution
of design B 4T on axis flips sign at
centre Large internal external forces 200
tons 70 tons Cryocoolers used for coils
absorber ? save O(IM) on cryogenic system
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FOCUS COIL ENGINEERING
Stress in end plate (LH2 spill)
Quench analysis (Does LH2 boil? ? WMD)
Stresses on mandrel

• Extensive design FEA studies demonstrated
  feasibility safety
• stresses / quenching / hydrogen spills....
• Beam optics magnetic studies
• Alignment tolerances / forces / temperature
  margins.
• 3D model nearly complete

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FOCUS COIL 3D MODEL
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WP2 FOCUS COILS (Oxford RAL ED)
Supply commission 3 FC modules (not including
absorbers) Modules built to specification by
industry Includes H2 supply (cryocooler,
condensing pots.) Engineering effort
prepare tender contract monitor production
manufacturers design changes commission
test Technical effort to commission
test Physicist effort evaluate/monitor
physics effect of design changes commission
test
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Project management summary

• Phase I
• Critical path, milestones, and risks
• Phase II and exploitation
• Summary of request

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Phase I critical path to completion
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Phase I milestones/risks

• Phase II risks
• Managed as part of Phase I programme
• UK
• LH2 RD
• RF power
• US MuCool
• Cavity RD
• Jp/US
• Absorber RD
• Will be ready for first beam at the end of the
  long shutdown
• Time now to plan to implement Phase II

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Project management Phase II
CCLRC/PPARCproject governance
International MICE collaboration
MICE-UK Projects groups
PM P. Drumm
KL
MICE Hall, infrastructure management P. Drumm
Focus-coilmodule W. Lau
Exploitation K. Long
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Schedule
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MICE-UK grant supported team
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MICE Hall, infrastructure, engineering

• Deliverables
• Infrastructure
• Hydrogen delivery systems
• RF power system
• Engineering effort to support collaboration in
  implementing MICE Phase II

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Focus-coil module

• Deliverable
• Three focus-coil modules
• UK contribution to MICE cooling channel

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MICE exploitation

• MICE-UK seeks resources to play significant role
  in exploitation of MICE data
• Exploitation phase request based on evolution of
  responsibilities of present team
• Preserve expertise generated through the Phase I
  build
• Ensure UK plays leading role in
• Extracting the ionisation-cooling measurements
• Using the measurements in the optimisation of the
  Neutrino Factory front end

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Summary

• Resources will allow MICE-UK to
• Provide focus-coil modules on schedule for MICE
  to demonstrate ionisation cooling by 2010
• In time for results to be used in optimising the
  muon front-end in the preparation of the
  Conceptual Design Report
• Take a leading role in the physics analysis of
  the experiment

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MOTIVATION
SuperK, K2K,SNO,KamLand, MINOS et al. ?
Neutrinos have mass oscillate Flavour mixing
governed by 3 x 3 matrix
All elements O(1) except sin(q13) lt
0.28 Theories suggest 0.003 lt sin(q13) lt
0.2 Elements may be complex ? C/P in lepton
sector A Neutrino Factory is ultimate tool for
elucidating nature of neutrino ? Complete
Conceptual Design Report (CDR) by 2012
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WP2 COST EFFORT
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SOFTWARE
Active software group with regular
workshops G4MICE for simulation, reconstruction
analysis well developed ICOOL (NF tracking
code) expertise acquired Specific fast code
developed for beam optics
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BEAM OPTICS STUDIES
Degradation due to misalignment ? magnet
construction tolerances
Matching effect of space for radiation shield
? minimally thin shield
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BEAM OPTICS THEORY
Hard sums

• MICE can make single particle
• measurements
• Emittance lt amplitude gt
• ? Figure out amplitude distribution
• ? Study transmission v amplitude

Transmission v amplitude
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COOLING IN STEP III
Cooling possible in STEP III with solid absorbers
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Old HEP test beam hall at RAL
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RF
Test stand at Daresbury (under construction)
to commission parts of amplifier system
First MuCOOL 201 MHz cavity (LBL
JLAB) Successfully tested at Fermilab ? 16 MV/m
after 5 days conditioning
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WP2 SCHEDULES
Manufacture
Commissioning (each module)
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RF LAYOUT