Representative Design Egon Brunswik 19031955

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Representative DesignEgon Brunswik (1903-1955)

• There is little technical basis for telling
  whether a given experiment is an ecological
  normal, located in the midst of a crowd of
  natural instances, or whether it is more like a
  bearded lady at the fringes of reality, or
  perhaps like a mere homunculus of the laboratory
  out in the blank.
• Brunswik (1955) p. 204

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Representative DesignEgon Brunswik (1903-1955)

• Designing study in such a way that the properties
  of the environmental context to which one wishes
  to generalize are preserved.

3
Lens Model

• Measuring Judgment Accuracy
• Compare judgment to criterion
• Examine agreement across judges
• Determine if bad cues are used
• Determine if good cues are missed

4
Communication More than meets the eye

• Instructor Evaluations and First Impressions
• Predicting Divorce (Gottman)
• Defensiveness, stonewalling, criticism, contempt

5
Communication More than meets the eye

• Secrets of the Bedroom (Gosling)
• Administered MMPI on 80 college students
• Extraversion Are you sociable or retiring? Fun
  loving or reserved?
• Agreeableness Are you trusting or suspicious?
  Helpful or uncooperative?
• Conscientiousness Are you organized or
  disorganized? Self-disciplined or weak willed?
• Emotional Stability Are you worried or calm?
  Insecure or secure?
• Openness to new experiences Are you imaginative
  or down-to-earth? Independent or conforming?

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Communication More than meets the eye

• Secrets of the Bedroom (Gosling)
• Obtained ratings from friends of the participants
  on the Big Five.
• Recruited a group of strangers to tour the
  bedrooms of the 80 subjects who completed the
  MMPI.
• Strangers rated on a scale of 1-5 the personality
  of the inhabitant of the room based on the
  artifacts within it.
• Friends better than strangers at predicting
  extraversion and agreeableness.
• Strangers better than friends at predicting
  conscientiousness, emotional stability, and
  openness to new experience.

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Communication More than meets the eye

• Suing Your Family Doctor (Levinson)
• Recorded the conversations of doctors and
  patients
• Half of the doctors had never been sued, Half
  sued at least twice
• Never sued doctors
• Spent 3 minutes longer with patients
• More likely to make orienting comments
• More likely to engage in active listening
• No differences in quality of care or the detail
  that they went into about the patients condition
  or medication.

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Communication More than meets the eye

• Suing Your Family Doctor (Levinson)
• In another study (Ambady), 40 s clips of the
  conversation were analyzed.
• The clips were content filtered.
• Judges rated the clips for warmth, hostility,
  dominance, and anxiousness
• Ratings predicted above chance who got sued and
  who didnt.