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Institutional Arrangement for STD in Selected
Chinese Cities
Wang Yuanqing
BRT research center, ChangAn University.
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My City Xi'an
 
Big Wild Goose Pagoda

• The capital of Shaanxi province and once called
  Chang an, a historical famous city of the
  civilized world.
• One of the most famous traveling city, the
  traveling gross income reaches 13.5 in whole
  citys GDP. Scenic sites, such as Terra-cotta
  Warriors and Horses (the world eighth big miracle
  reputation ), Bell tower, Big wild goose pagoda
  are absorbing places.
• One of the most important basis of higher
  education in China. 45 Universities covered a
  large research field
• Fast development makes its transportation system
  work hard

Bell tower
Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses
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ChangAn University

• Under the Ministry of Educations Directly
  administration, Being one of the State "211
  Project" key development universities, Its
  characteristic and superiority mainly on highway
  and Traffic, Automobile, Geology, Architectonics,
  etc.
• Highway and traffic College, including Highway
  construction, Bridge construction, Traffic
  engineering Department and 3 famous laboratories,
  Being an important technique base for national
  freeway system and urban road system development
  in Chinese fast urbanization process.
• Traffic Engineering Department share a reputation
  for its Overall Control Methodology in highway
  planning area, Now also do research in Subway
  planning, Urban transportation system planning
  and Highway safety and ITS.

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• founded in 2002
• 43 members
• the main research directions

• Urban Transportation Planning (UTP)

• Integrated Transportation Planning
• Urban Public transportation planning, specially
  on BRT

• Intelligent transportation system (ITS)

• Informatization
• Bus Dispatch

The BRT Center

• Traffic Safety

• Forgiving design

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Related Research Activities

• Xi'an Planning Bureau
• Transportation strategy planning
• Xi'an Bus Company
• Preparing study for Public Transport of
  Xi'an World bank projects
• Energy Foundation
• Research of Xi'an BRT development
  stratagem
• Fuk Yingdong Educational Fund Foundation
• Research of transportation problem
  between central city and satellite cities

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Institutional Arrangement for Social STD of
Nation
Central Party Committee
principle Strategy
Direction Guider Highest Leader
State Council
Managing at Whole Country Level
Governing Executing
law ,Governing Financial examination
National People's Congress
Decision Law Maker, supervising Government
Political Consultative Conference
Public Opinion Feedback
feedback opinion
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The State Council Department related toUrban STD
National Development and Reform commission
Authorize projects
land examination and approval
National land bureau
Detect, Evaluate, Authorize Transportation
Project according Environment law
State Environment Protection Administration
State Council
Suburb Highway Transportation and Urban Bus
Managing (part)
National Ministry of Communications
Y or N
Traffic Control and Safety
The Ministry Of Public Security P.R. C
Urban Planning, Construction, Managing of
Transportation (part)
Ministry Of Construction P.R.C
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Scientific Development Vs SuTD
The concept of people oriented, comprehensive,
harmonious and sustainable development
Definition
target
core
pith
Chairman Hu


Comprehensive harmonious
People oriented
Sustainable
SuTD
ScTD
Resource conservation
Social Equity
Social Efficiency
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ScTD for Chinese large Cities at the Nation Level

• Traffic Demand Management (TDM)
• National Chang-Tong Excellent Urban Traffic
  Improvement Project(Improve traffic control level
  and Transit Priority to reduce traffic
  congestion)
• Public Transit Priority
• Premier Wen and State Council insist that
  it should be a basic strategy

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ScTD for Chinese large Cities at the Nation Level

• Developing Vehicles Moderately
• The degree of the development is controlled
  by cities themselves
• Transportation Resource Conservation and
  Environmental Protection

Environmental Protection Law Some Land use
control Policy Have researches but lack policy,
Law for reducing energy Conservation
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Chinese Vehicles Development

• Encourage automobile industry development
• May Not discriminating against Low emission
  level cars
• Restrict auto use in down town of Large cities
  but lack system methods

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ScTD Related Institutional Arrangement of typical
large cities
Municipal Party Committee
Policy-maker of City Development
Strategy
Municipal Government
Managing at Whole City Level
Execute Governing
People's Congress
Law, Governing Municipal Financial examination
Municipal legal maker, supervising Government
Political Consul- tative Conference
Feedback Public opinion
Public opinion collector
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Municipal Departmentrelated toUrban ScTD
Development and Reform commission
Planning Bureau
Ministry Of Construction
land bureau
Integrated Transportation planning
Urban Construction planning
Land use control approval
Authorize projects Investment planning
Detect, Evaluate, Authorize Transportation
Project according Environment law
Execute

• Generally is this,
• but individual city
• may be different

EPB
municipal Bureau
Transport Bureau
Traffic Police
repeal
Planning Traffic Control System, Construction
operation management
Road design, construction maintenance
Cargo transit planning, operation and
management
projects
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City authorities correspond with national govt.
about ScTD
National Govt.
few Budgets From Central Govt.

• Factors
• City development level
• City scale
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• Regional difference
• Transportation development level
• And so on

By document, law and policy
City Govt.
Various responds
Problem The restriction is flexible
Nearly each city has individual plan based on ScTD
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Achievement

• Nation and large city leader pay high attention
  to urban transportation.
• Public Transit Priority policy began to carry
  out in some cities
• Traffic demand management (TDM) and vehicle
  operation management being carried out now.

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Beijing

• Want to control its urban area traffic
• old areas toll
• encouraging citizens transfer to transit
• when entering city centre.
• South middle axle BRT system
• Transportation Committee
• Mayor CPC Secretary pay high
• attention to urban traffic

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following years Beijing conceive to

• levy registration mark fee
• levy road jam fee within the second ring and in
  other seriously congested roads.
• build large transit terminal and low-charge or
  free parking lot , encouraging citizens transfer
  to transit when entering city centre.
• flexible duty hours

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Beijing city has 10 measures to decrease traffic
jam

• Bus only lane
• Restrict use of car
• High charge for car parking in city centre
• Reform the charge of express way
• Strengthen to build urban low degree road
• Build suburb transport aisle
• ITS in transport management
• Transportation development program
• Strengthen to build legal system

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Shanghai

• Control vehicle increasing trend
• ITS usage in evaluate expressway
• Pay attention to Urban Traffic
• Research

• control vehicular purchase and use
• registration mark auction system
• Divert urban transportation emphases to MRT
  construction

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Shanghai transportation strategy

• Urban public passenger transport priority
• Reduce use area of bicycle gradually in
  central town
• Control increasing trend and scale of the
  centre car traffic
• Restrict the development of motorbicycle

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use of vehicles controlling approach in Shanghai

• Area restriction of auto
• Area toll of auto (Pay 10 of auto price each
  year)
• The charge of parking vary from area to area
• Forbid bicycle entering into CBD, Different
  Parking charges

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Chengdu

• Pay attention to Urban Traffic Research
• Bus terminal building
• City and countryside integrated by
• Public transportation

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Chengdu transportation idea and object

• ideaone hour network of rail in the future,
• Chengdu will develop subway in the central
  city, but need agreed by central government

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Xi'an

• Want to have BRT, Bus Only Lane, and
• bus bay in the old urban area
• Forbidding motorcycles within
• the second ring
• Want to integrate Urban Transit and
• countryside Bus system as a whole

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Forbid motorcycle

• Beijing
• From1985,within the third ring
• Shanghai
• From sept. 2001,main roads in city
• Guangzhou
• From 2003,several main roads in city,

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Problem or ScTD in Large City

• Different bureau and commission share
• different transport responsibilities,
• but who think things as a whole
• Who can Lead the urban ScTD?
• Who Consider the policy for urban ScTD?

ScTD depending on the key leader of a city, It
is fragile
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Solutions

• Organization
• Need an organization responsible for
  whole urban transportation
• system to match ScTD Require.
• Bus priority
• need law, policy and suitable merit
  system to ensure priority
• of bus from road usage, investment, land
  use etc..
• Transportation research
• need to pay more attention to
  transportation research,
• from investment, decision making etc..

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Thank you !
Wang Yuanqing, Director, BRT
Research Center, Changan University Telephone
86-29-82,334,821 Emailjt01_at_gl.chd.edu.cn
wyq21_at_vip.sina.com