Biometrics Overview

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Biometrics Overview
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Biometrics

• Identification or verification of an individual
  based on a physical characteristic or trait.

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Biometric Modes

• Biological Characteristics
• Fingerprint
• Facial Recognition
• Hand Geometry
• Eye (Iris Retina)
• Vein Pattern
• Behavioral Traits
• Signature
• Voice
• Keystroke Dynamics

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Why use Biometrics?

• Biometrics has No Risk of
• Forgetting it
• Losing it
• Getting it stolen
• Getting it copied
• Loaning it out
• Being used by anyone else

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Biometric Uses

• Financial Institutes
• ATM, Validation of credit and debit cards
• Law Enforcement
• Automated Fingerprint Identification System
• Surveillance
• Physical Access Control
• Buildings, Airports, Hospitals, Schools
• IT Security
• Network-systems of organizations
  Internet/Intranet
• E-Commerce market User Authentication
• Consumer Market
• PC Applications(Mouse, Keyboard, Laptop, etc.)
• Time and Attendance Monitoring
• Home Appliances (Door locks, Safes, etc.)

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Biometric Marketplace
(Per International Biometric Groups Biometric
Market Report 2000-2005)
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Market Drivers

• Real need for increased security
• Traditional methods obsolete
• Increased identity theft and fraud
• Advances in biometric technology
• Reliability and functionality
• Price factors
• Weak capital markets
• Competitive environment
• Consolidation
• Industry standardization
• Current Events/Emotion

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Fingerprint

• Measures ridges and minutiae (end, fusion,
  bifurcation of fingerprint data)
• Used for over 100 years
• Highly accurate
• Small devices
• Latent prints
• Environmental conditions

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Facial Recognition

• Measures the contours and distances of the Eyes,
  Nose and Chin.
• May also use Thermograph matching
• Easy to use/Non-cooperative
• Influenced by lighting and facial angles
• Susceptible to spoofing with glasses, wigs, beards

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Hand Geometry

• Measures finger length and knuckle thickness
• Intuitive Operation
• Uses few minutiae points
• Large Devices limit the installation
  possibilities.

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Eye Recognition

• Iris
• Measures the shape color of the Iris
• Minutiae rich
• Inconvenient
• Expensive
• Retina
• Blood Vessel Pattern
• Highly Accurate
• Low public acceptance (Intrusive)

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Vein Recognition

• Uses an infrared camera to measure the veins on
  the wrist and back of the hand.
• Currently impossible to copy
• Large Equipment
• Expensive
• Uses few minutiae points

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Signature Recognition

• Measures the pressure and speed of stroke
  dynamics
• Inexpensive
• Intuitive Operation
• Signatures may change over time
• Participation must be voluntary
• Low Accuracy

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Voice Recognition

• Measures the vibration of phoneme, syllable,
  words
• Easy to use
• Remote applications
• Easy to impersonate
• Influenced by health conditions
• Sensitive to noise

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Mode Comparison
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2001 Market Shares
(Does Not Include AFIS Revenues) (Per
International Biometric Groups Biometric Market
Report 2000-2005)
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Biometric System

• Enrollment
• Identity Verification
• Template Management
• Distributed
• Centralized
• Live Scan Processing
• Identity Authentication
• Transaction Processing
• Apply Policy

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Biometric Verification
Identity Claim
Biometric Capture
Feature Extraction
1-to-1 Comparison
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Biometric Identification
Biometric Capture
Feature Extraction
1-to-n Comparison
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Matching

• Evaluation
• Reject / Accept Threshold
• Error Ratio
• FRR (False Rejection Ratio)
• FAR (False Acceptance Ratio)
• ERR (Equal Error Ratio)

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Implementation

• Interoperability
• BioAPI
• ANSI Fast track
• CBEFF
• Common Biometric Exchange File Format
• Used in BioAPI
• Multimode integration

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Template Management

• Centralized
• Template security
• Administration
• Communications Infrastructure
• Distributed
• Smartcards
• 2-D Barcodes
• Memory buttons
• Counterfeiting

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Enterprise Management
Trusted Applications
Authentication Servers
Distributed
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Modular Applications
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Fingerprint in Access Control

• Lowest implementation cost
• Widest availability
• Matching technology
• Correlation
• Minutiae matching
• Scanner technology
• Optical
• Solid-state/Capacitive
• Ultrasonic

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Access Control Applications
System Controller
DIU
DIU
DIU
LSU
LSU
LSU
Template Database
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Integration Interfaces

• Legacy Systems
• Weigand
• Only industry standard
• Clock and Data
• Proprietary
• Vendor products
• RS485
• TCP/IP

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Hydra Implementation
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Graterford Prison

• Barcode badge provides Guard PIN.
• Hydra performs fingerprint verification.
• Photo of verified guard displayed on touchscreen.
• Operator must visually confirm by touching photo
  on screen.

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BioACE Architecture
Athena
IBAS
Desktop
Modems
WAN
POTS
ARGO
NCU
Micro
NCU
ARGO
NCU
ARGO
NCU
NCU
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DISCUSSION