Warm Up

1
Warm Up

• Discuss the following questions with a person
  sitting near you
  
• What is a primary source?
• Example?
• What is a secondary source?
• Example?

2
Primary and Secondary Sources

• 1.00

3
Primary Sources

• Primary Source -person or document with a direct
  connection to historical events
  
• These would be first-hand accounts
• Examples Journals, diaries, letters, memoirs,
  original recordings, photographs, posters, maps

4
Primary Sources

• Some Primary Sources are published documents
• Published documents were created for large
  audiences and widely distributed
  
• Include books, magazines, newspapers, government
  documents
  
• However, just because it is published does not
  mean it is truthful or reliable

5
Primary Sources

• Primary sources can also be unpublished documents
  
  
• Unpublished documents include letters, diaries,
  deeds, and wills
  
• These may be difficult to find because they were
  not produced in large quantities
  
• Often unpublished documents were not meant to be
  read by the public but provide a glimpse of the
  past

6
Primary Sources

• Primary sources also include oral histories
• Oral histories come from people with firsthand
  knowledge of historical events
  
• These enable historians to learn about the lives
  of ordinary people
  
• Examples include interviews and anecdotes

7
Primary Sources

• Visual documents provide evidence of change over
  time or capture a historical event
  
• These sources also have a creator who has
  purposefully chosen the subject matter to
  represent
  
• Therefore, they too need to be approached
  carefully

8
Secondary Source

• Secondary Source- persons or documents one level
  removed from the original source person or
  written work whose telling is based on primary
  sources
• These are sources created by individuals who did
  not experience the event
  
• Examples books, recordings, documentaries,
  photographs, posters

9
Reliability

• Primary Sources are more reliable because they
  are created by those who actually took part in
  the event
  
• However, they are to be used with caution
• Primary Sources are sometimes bias, meaning they
  portray only one side and sometimes treat the
  other unfairly
  
• Good secondary sources are not bias and tell both
  sides of the story

10
Reading

• Independently, read the handout Strategies for
  Reading Historical Primary Sources
  
• Feel free to write on the handout
• Look over the APPARTS Wkst

11

• Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will live
  in infamy - the United States of America was
  suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and
  air forces of the Empire of Japan.The United
  States was at peace with that nation and, at the
  solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation
  with the government and its emperor looking
  toward the maintenance of peace in the
  Pacific.Indeed, one hour after Japanese air
  squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the
  Japanese ambassador to the United States and his
  colleagues delivered to the Secretary of State a
  formal reply to a recent American message. While
  this reply stated that it seemed useless to
  continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it
  contained no threat or hint of war or armed
  attack.It will be recorded that the distance of
  Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the
  attack was deliberately planned many days or even
  weeks ago. During the intervening time, the
  Japanese government has deliberately sought to
  deceive the United States by false statements and
  expressions of hope for continued peace.The
  attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has
  caused severe damage to American naval and
  military forces. Very many American lives have
  been lost. In addition, American ships have been
  reported torpedoed on the high seas between San
  Francisco and Honolulu.
• Day of InfamyFranklin D. Roosevelt - Dec. 7,
  1941

12
Paired Work

• With one other person, analyze the documents
  using the APPARTS wkst
  
• Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper

13
Thesis

• Get back into your groups that wrote a thesis
  statement yesterday
  
• List three primary documents that could be used
  to support your thesis