IBIS 2002 ANNUAL MEETING Sustainability, Infrastructure and Urban Form

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IBIS 2002 ANNUAL MEETINGSustainability,
Infrastructure and Urban Form

• Ricardo Toledo Silva
• INFURB - USP

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Sustainability, Infrastructure and Urban Form

• Infrastructure networks as particular vectors of
  economic and social development in urban /
  metropolitan areas
• Does a new regionalism emerge in Latin American
  countries?
• Questions on regionalism and urban form
• Extra-local organization and their possible
  outcomes on urban planning and design.

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Infrastructure and social development

• The logic of spaces versus the logic of functions
• Institutional frameworks of the public
  infrastructure
• The gap between institutional formulations and
  the material form of the networks
• Sustainability and non structural measures on
  infrastructure development

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RMSP and Alto Tietê Basin
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RMSP - urban water supply
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Infrastructure and social development

• Institutional frameworks of the public
  infrastructure
• public services as a social right
• networked services as an economic activity
• The gap between institutional formulations and
  the material form of the networks
• the inextricable integration of supplies
• limitations of sector based regulation

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Infrastructure and social development

• Sustainability and non structural measures on
  infrastructure development
• demand side management - in search of a relative
  growth of supplies
• practical measures of integrated management
• source pollution control (SP water catchment)
• urban drainage and restrictive flows
• interactive water and urban planning
• integrated measures on water conservation

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The water catchment areas
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RMSP - urban growth 1980-91
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RMSP - urban growth 1991-96
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RMSP - urban growth 96-2000
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RMSP - urban poverty 1991
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RMSP - urban poverty 2000
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RMSP - sewer coverage 2000
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Alto Tiete territorial division
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A view of eastern upstream
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Billings reservoir detail (S)
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Downstream depletion (W)
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Elements of correlation(concentrated pollution)
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Urban density and drainage
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Urban standards and drainage
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A new regionalism?

• Brief review on recent regionalism (USA)
• Urban form and regional development in Latin
  American urban concentrations
• Possible (new) requirements of metropolitan
  regionalism in Latin America

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Restructuring and rescaling metropolitan
regionalism in the USA (Brenner 2002)

• The spatial reconstitution of urban form
• Deconcentration of central areas and
  reconcentration of metropolitan settlement spaces
  and production complexes
• Global economic restructuring
• The globalization, (re) territorialization and
  localization of various fractions of capital
• Neoliberal state restructuring
• The destructuring and reconstitution of state
  policies coupled with the upscaling and
  downscaling of state functions

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The spatial reconstitution of urban form

• The rise of hedge city and the exopolis
• Intensified metropolitan jurisdictional
  fragmentation
• Continued population dispersal and industrial
  deconcentration
• The spreading of urban problems into suburban
  areas
• Urban sprawl
• Spatial mismatch between public resources and
  social needs
• Increased spatial concentration of poverty and
  minority population in city cores
• Severe traffic congestion
• Environmental destruction

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Global economic restructuring

• Processes of de- and re-industrialization and the
  shift towards lean production
• Intensified inter-urban competition for mobile
  capital investment at regional, national,
  continental and global scales
• Capital flight, unemployment and derelict
  industrial sites
• Deskilling of local labor supplies
• Decay of local industrial infrastructure
• Enhanced local fiscal constraints and declining
  tax revenues from locally collected taxes

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Neoliberal state restructuring

• Federal devolution, lean government,
  enterpreneurial states and revanchist cities
• Intensified city / suburban fiscal disparities
• The shift from welfare to workfare
• Increased class- and race-based sociospatial
  polarization
• Ghettoization of poverty
• Local fiscal crises
• Lack of funding for key social services
  affordable housing, schools, public
  transportation, infrastructural improvements
• Expansion of repressive functions of the local
• Explosive social unrest

27
Urban form in Latin American cities

• Are central areas losing vitality in Latin
  American large cities?
• What are the morphologic and metric criteria to
  distinguish center and periphery in our cities?
• The importance of intra-urban information in
  formulating basic strategies for integrated
  infrastructure planning and management.

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Metropolitan regionalism in Latin America
Possible (new) requirements

• Metropolitan governance and regulatory control
  over space based monopolies
• cross subsidies and the creation of premium
  spaces
• regional (re)definition of basic needs in public
  services
• Integrated water management and metropolitan
  governance
• integrating water uses (supply, drainage,
  depuration)
• coordinating sustainable land use and zoning
• coordinating urban policies (transport, housing)