The Early Middle Ages

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The Early Middle Ages

• The Dark Times (500-1000 A.D.)

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The Dark Ages (500-1000 A.D.)

• What are the Dark Ages?
• 5 centuries of turmoil, war, and disorganization
• 2 Christian States
• Kingdom of the Franks (Holy Roman Empire)
• Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)
• Cities?Farms
• Transition from Mediterranean to Europe
• Education, literature, and the arts absent or
  transferred to monasteries

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The Empire of the Franks

• When are the Franks?
• 485-750 AD
• Who are the Franks?
• One of two most powerful Germanic tribes
• Barbarians?

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Where are the Franks?
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A New Way to Choose

• The Merovingian Dynasty
• c. 500-700
• First real kingdom in Europe
• Brutal leaders and warriors
• Dynasty?

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The Beginning of Western Europe

• Clovis
• Frankish leader
• Unifies tribes in Gaul (France)
• Conquers much of Gaul
• Allies himself with former Roman rulers and with
  the church
  
• Why?

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The Western Empire Rises
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European Christianity

• Clovis baptized?
• Gaul now Christian
• GermanicChristian
• Roman Europe
• What does pope gain?
• What does Clovis gain?

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The Rise of the Carolingians

• Clovisstrong
• Successorsnot
• Mayors of the Palace rise in power (late 7th
  century)
  
• Charles Martel
• Removed Merovingians from power
• Defeated Saracen invasion

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The Carolingian Dynasty

• Pepin the Short
• Son of the Hammer
• First legal Carolingian king
• Who is giving Pepin (middle) the power to rule in
  France?
  

751 AD
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Church Pepin Carolingian Power
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Charlemagne

• Name means
• 1st Great European Leader
• Pepins son
• Rules for 46 years
• Expansion

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Charlemagnes Reign

• Wars, wars, wars
• Revival of arts and education
• New order of things

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The Church and the State

• Charlemagnestrong
• Churchnot as strong they want
• Church Charlemagne

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Coronation

• Christmas Day
• 800 AD
• Beginning of the Holy Roman Empire
• Who is giving Charlemagne the power to rule the
  Holy Roman Empire?

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The Holy Roman Empire

• Combined
• Roman organization
• Christian religion
• Frankish military power

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Charlemagne

• Dies
• What next?
• Sons weaker
• Treaty of Verdun (843 AD)
• Splits territoryNew idea!
• Carolingian line of kings getting weaker

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The End of the Carolingians

• Causes
• Weakness in the line of kings
• Invasions from all sides
• Muslims from south
• Magyars from east
• Vikings from the north and the sea

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Vikings

• Who?
• Brutal Warriors
• Expert Sailors
• Where?
• Scandinavia
• Why?
• Overcrowding
• Adventure
• How?
• Conquest of Western Europe and new world

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After Carolingians

• New dynasties chosen from great lords
• Modern Europe takes shape
• Feudalism takes the place of strong leaders

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Feudalism

• Quid pro quo, right?
• Terms you need to know
• Feudalism The giving of land and protection in
  exchange for service or goods.
  
• Fief A grant of land, given in return for an
  oath of loyalty and armed warriors.
  
• Lord A powerful land-owner who rules over an
  area.
  
• Vassal Someone who lives on the lord's land,
  providing loyalty in return for protection .