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Prehistory Learning Packet

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Title: Prehistory Learning Packet


1
Prehistory Learning Packet
  • Cultures and Civilizations began in Prehistoric
    Times

2
Examining Prehistory
  • People who study the skeletal remains of early
    humanlike creatures and try to determine how they
    look are called anthropologists.
  • People who excavate ancient settlements and study
    artifacts are called archeologists.

3
Compare/Contrast
Anthropologist or Archeologist?
4
Examples of Artifacts
Buildings
Artwork
Furniture
Coins
Clothing
Toys
Weapons
Tools
5
Prehistory Continued
  • 4. Culture is what a human group acquires through
    living together and includes language, knowledge,
    skills, art, literature, laws, and lifestyles.
  • 5. Prehistoric remains are assigned a date by
    using Radiocarbon Dating.

6
Early Humanlike Creatures
  • Anthropologists now know what humanlike creatures
    looked like millions of years ago.
  • The oldest skeletal remains that have been found
    are over 3 million years old. It was discovered
    in 1974, and became known as Lucy.

7
The First People
  • Anthropologists have excavated bones to describe
    how the first people looked.
  • The characteristics of the first humans are very
    strong and powerful jaws, sharply receding chins,
    and low foreheads, and heavy eyebrow ridges.

8
The First People II
  • 3. These people were vegetarians and sometimes
    used caves for shelter.
  • 4. Later they added meat to their diet as they
    started to hunt animals.

9
The First People III
  • 5. As they became better hunters, they started to
    migrate over great distances in search of food.
  • 6. Human populations started expanding from
    Africa to Asia.

10
The Ice Ages
  • 4 times in the last 1.5 million years, the earth
    has had periods of extremely cold weather.
  • Each time, the northern polar ice cap moved south
    and joined glaciers.
  • Each ice age lasted from 10,000 to 50,000 years.

11
The Ice Ages II
  • 4. People began to migrate to warmer Ice Free
    areas. This also resulted in the extinction of
    many plants and animals.
  • 5. The sea levels dropped because so much water
    was frozen in the ice caps. This resulted in the
    creation of land bridges that temporarily
    connected North America to Asia.

12
The Ice Ages III
  • 6. Prehistoric people did not move into cold
    regions until they first learned to use fire and
    make warm clothes.

13
Neanderthal People
  • Anthropologists have discovered Neanderthal
    remains in caves in many parts of Europe, Asia,
    and Middle East.
  • Neanderthals are humans that lived 30,000 to
    100,000 years ago.
  • Neanderthals are famous for using fire, making
    clothes from animal skins.
  • They were also the first humans to hunt and bury
    their dead.

14
Cro-Magnon People
  • After Neanderthals disappeared, the Cro-Magnon
    people emerged about 35,000 years ago.
  • They made many tools and were the people who
    invented the spear.

15
The Middle Stone Age
  • 1. This era began at the end of the last Ice Age
    and led to the development of agriculture and
    domestication of animals.

16
The New Stone Age
  • This time period is called the Neolithic Age and
    they were the first to settle in permanent
    villages because of two important developments
  • Taming of different animals
  • Development of Agriculture
  • 2. This shift from a food gathering to a food
    planting society is called the Neolithic
    Revolution.

17
Patterns of Living Paleolithic Period to the
Neolithic Revolution
  • Lifestyle Advantages Disadvantages
  • Hunting and Gathering
  • Wild animals and plants for food.
  • Migrating
  • Live with family or tribe.
  • Land supplies what is needed.
  • Movement is easier.
  • Encourages cooperation and language.
  • Tools developed for hunting and digging.
  • Always searching for food.
  • Food is hard to store.
  • People must carry everything while traveling.
  • Only simple social organization possible.

18
Patterns of Living Paleolithic Period to the
Neolithic Revolution II
  • Lifestyle Advantages Disadvantages
  • Settled Communities
  • Raised animals.
  • Plants, seeds, and crops.
  • Lived in permanent settlements.
  • Crops provide a reliable food supply
  • Population growth
  • Societies become more complex.
  • Trade increases.
  • Division of labor allows workers to specialize.
  • Crop failures due to weather or pests causes
    famines.
  • Floods, fire, or invaders could destroy
    villages.
  • Disease spreads easier when people live together.

19
Todays Assignment- Pages 4-12 of your packet
STOP
Chapter 1 Test- Tuesday, September 7th
20
Prehistoric People Chart- page 13
21
Prehistoric People Chart- page 13
22
Prehistoric People Chart- page 13
23
Prehistoric People Chart- page 13
24
Todays Assignment- pages 14-15 in your packet.
STOP
  • Chapter 1 Test- Next Tuesday, 9/7
  • Study Session- Thursday PM or Friday AM

25
The First Civilizations (p.16)
Asia
26
Environmental Factors Shape River Valley
Civilizations
CAUSE
EFFECT
People would settle in areas with water and
fertile soil for farming
The earliest civilizations formed in river valleys
Sumerians built fortified cities to help villages
protect themselves.
Sumerian villages were located on open plains
without natural barriers.
27
CAUSE
EFFECT
The Nile River flowed through Upper and Lower
Egypt.
The Nile River helped unify the peoples of Upper
and Lower Egypt
Mountains and deserts were barriers to invasion,
which led to an enduring Chinese culture.
Chinas landforms featured mountains and deserts.
Trade developed between the Indus River
Civilization and other cultures.
The Indus River connected its civilization to the
sea.
28
Four River Valleys
  • 2. In the four river valleys mentioned, people
    developed the advanced form of culture known as
    civilization, which means
  • A culture that becomes highly developed
  • 3. The five major characteristics of most
    civilizations are
  • Advanced technical skills
  • Development of a calendar
  • Some form of government
  • Division of Labor
  • Development of Writing

29
Learning to Use Metals
  • Just 6,000 years ago, people in the Nile and the
    Tigris-Euphrates River Valleys knew how to make
    copper weapons and tools.
  • Copper tools finally failed because it is soft
    and loses sharpness.
  • The next major metal to be used by the people of
    the Nile was bronze. It is considered an alloy
    because it is a mixture of copper and tin. The
    invention of bronze marked the end of the Stone
    Age and the beginning of the Bronze Age.
  • About 3,200 years ago, people in Southwestern
    Asia made an even stronger metal called iron ore
    to produce weapons and tools, thus ending the
    Bronze Age and starting the Iron Age.

30
Irrigation, Government, and Cities
  • Because the four major river valleys were exposed
    to a rainy period every year, hot and dry
    conditions would prevail throughout the rest of
    the year.
  • This caused a problem for farmers considering
    they had to get water to crops during the dry
    season.
  • Farmers ended up digging ditches and canals to
    transport water to their fields. This was the
    first development of irrigation systems.

31
Irrigation, Government, and Cities II
  • 4. In an attempt to control floods, farmers had
    to build dikes to keep the rivers within their
    banks.
  • 5. With everyone lending a hand throughout this
    time period of irrigation, people had to learn to
    work together.
  • 6. Because so many people were working together,
    they needed rules to govern their behavior. This
    led to a system of government to plan, regulate,
    and direct their work. Along with this,
    population growth was on the rise which began to
    turn these villages into cities.

32
Division of Labor
  • Because the methods of farming were becoming
    advanced, more people were free to do other
    jobs.
  • People were able to concentrate on one particular
    skill, thus creating a class of skilled craft
    workers known as the artisans. Other new job
    titles included merchants and traders.
  • The movement of many merchants and traders led to
    a spreading of certain parts of cultures from one
    area of the world to another called cultural
    diffusion.

33
Developing a Calendar
  • With the interest of farming, people began
    observing the changes of the seasons. One way
    they could develop a method of time was to
    observe the moon and its changes along with the
    flooding.
  • It was deemed that one new moon to the next would
    be a month. Twelve of these lunar months would
    equal a year.

34
The Invention of Writing
  • 1. Speech no longer sufficed as the only means of
    communication. People needed a written language
    to preserve and pass on ideas and information.
    The long and complex process of the development
    of writing can be summarized by these four chief
    steps

35
A pictogram is a picture that represents a thing.
An ideogram is a picture that represents an idea.
A phonogram is a picture that represents a sound.
An alphabet is a picture that represents a
consonant or vowel.
36
Assignment pages 21-26 in packet
STOP
Chapter 1 Test- Next Class Meeting!
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