STINK BUG THRESHOLDS: EMPLOY AFTER 2% STINK BUG DAMAGED CONFIRMED IN BOLLWORM SCOUTING

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Current Topics in IPM Cotton Insect Management
Jack Bacheler NCSU
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• Cotton IPM Stories
• Boll weevil - Annihilation
• Thrips - Preventative approach
• Bollworm - Technology triumph
• Cotton aphid - True IPM
• Stink bug - Constraint release

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The boll weevil was North Carolinas most
significant cotton pest through 1978
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North Carolina Cotton Acreage(1972 - 2006)
Pre-
Post-Eradication
Acreage (x 1,000)
Year
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Cotton insect management, foliar sprays then
and now
1972
2006
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Boll Weevil Pheromone Trap CapturesContainment
Program, 1993 - 2006
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Completed 65 Ongoing
eradication 35
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Boll Weevil Containment Program Entirely a
Pheromone Trapping Program
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Preventative approach
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• Thrips
• Migrate from hosts in huge s
• Reproduce well on cotton (80/plant)
• Difficult to see immatures
• Cotton vulnerable _at_ 1st true leaf

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Lint yields best trt. vs. untreated cotton for
thrips control, Rocky Mount, NC, 2005-2006
Best
Untreated
1164
859
thrips/ 5 plants
Test 1
2
Mean
4
3
5
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At-planting materials all new products or rates

• Gaucho Grande new rate
• Cruiser new rate
• KC791230 new Temik
• Aeris new product
• Avicta new product

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Bottom line value of thrips control options,
2005-2006 (5 tests)
Temik 3.00/ lb. Orthene 10.00/ lb.
Seed trt. 8.00/acre _at_ 800 lb./ acre and
0.60/ lb. 3.5 seed/ft. 38 rows
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Spider mite and aphid treatments may be less
with Temik vs. seed trt. foliar
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NC acreage treated for aphids spider
mites (2004-2005 Consultants Survey approx.
20,000 acres)
Difference 2.3 fold 9.1-fold
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Technology triumph ?
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Bt Cotton Adoption in NC, 1996 - 2006
93
of total cotton acreage
90
67
83
64
73
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Bollgard Acres (x 1000)
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13
3
2
Year
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How effective are the new BT cottons?

• Bollgard (Cry 1 Ac)
• Bollgard II (Cry 1 Ac Cry 2 Ab)
• Widestrike (Cry 1 Ac Cry 1F)
• VIP (Cry 1 Ac Vip 3A)

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Damaged Boll Survey, 2005-2006(bollworm damage)
2006 (217 fields)
5.4
Damaged Bolls
1.3
0.43
0.17
Conventional
WideStrike
Bollgard
Bollgard II
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Losses to late season insect bollworms stink
bugs by technology, 2005-2006 (n 403 fields)
67.05
31.45
30.25
26.25
Damaged Bolls
Conventional
WideStrike
Bollgard
Bollgard II
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In choosing a Bt technology, pay most attention
to varietal performance, particularly when
choosing between 2-gene constructs (BG2,
WideStrike and VIP).
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Cotton aphid true IPM
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2003-2006 Cotton Insect Survey
Cotton Acreage Sprayed
2003 2004 2005 2006 8.0
12.2 7.4 3.2
Cotton aphid
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Cotton aphid damage top view
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Cotton aphid mummies
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Aphid fungus, Neozygites fresenii, on underside
of cotton leaf
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Stink bugs removal of insecticide constraint
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Normal Boll
Stink Bug Damage
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No Internal Boll Damage
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Significant Internal Boll Damage
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Internal Boll Damage by Stink Bugs
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Bug damage to bolls extreme variability
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Bollworm vs. stink bug damage to bolls and yield
loss in NC (n 10 13 tests)
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Bollgard vs. conventional cottonbug damage to
bolls in NC, 1996 - 2006
Bollgard
Conventional
stink bug damaged bolls
Year
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Bollgard vs. conventional cottonbug damage to
bolls in NC, 1996 - 2006
Bollgard
Conventional
stink bug damaged bolls
Year
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Green, brown and southern green stink bugs at
selected test sites, 2004-2006
Southern Green
Green
Brown
NC 04
NC 05
NC 05
NC 05
NC 05
NC 05
GA 05
SC 06
SC 06
GA 06
GA 06
NC 06
NC 06
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Boll age and size vs. yield loss
3.5 weeks bug-safe
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Boll age and size vs. yield loss
(approx. 1.25 diam.)
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Percentage of bolls with diameters gt 1.25 inches
per week of blooming, Wayne Co., NC, 2004
bolls gt 1.25
Week of bloom
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Stink bug damage to bolls vs. yield Wayne Co.,
2004
Pounds of lint cotton / acre
y -7.076 x 1870.7 R2 0.895
Boll damage
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Yield change from spray at designated weeks of
bloom, NC GA, 2004 - 2006 (n 14 tests)
62.2
Lb. lint / acre
17.1
15.3
-7.0
-9.2
-21.9
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
Week of bloom
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Dynamic threshold rationale
Bolls gt 1.25
Percent boll sizes gt 1.25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Week of bloom
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Possible Stink Bug Thresholds
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Stink bug threshold evaluation study NC, GA and
SC (9 sites, 2006)
ab
a
bc
c
115
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85
Lb. lint/acre
0
19.75
38.25
19.90
1.1 app.
0 app.
1.9 app.
6.1 app.
Dynamic (30, 30, 10,10,10, 30, 50)
Weekly
Untreated
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Net 0.65/lb. 9.00/appl.
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