Chapter 14 Guarding Wildlife Species

1
Chapter 14Guarding Wildlife Species

• Objectives
• Explain the classifications of wildlife that need
  protection
• Identify endangered wildlife
• Explain why wildlife species are lost or
  threatened
• Describe practices that protect endangered
  wildlife

2
Terms

• Captive breeding
• Direct wildlife endangerment
• Ecosystem rehabilitation
• Endangered species
• Extinction
• Extinct wildlife
• Fish enhancement
• Habitat preservation

• Indirect wildlife endangerment
• Natural extinction
• Over-fishing
• Rare species
• Speciation
• Threatened species
• Wildlife overexploitation
• Wildlife reserves

3
Protecting Scarce Wildlife

• The earth has many living species of wildlife,
  the estimates run between 30 and 100 million
  species
• About 1.5 million species of animals have been
  identified, some 250,000 flowering plant species
  and 800,000 other plant species are known to
  exist
• Two or more species of wildlife go out of
  existence on the earth every week

4
Wildlife in Thailand

• Agricultural land
• Forest destruction
• Endangerment species
• Rice

5
Classification on the Basis of Species Survival

• Extinction
• Endangered species
• Threatened species
• Rare species

6
1. Extinction

• Extinction is the disappearance of living
  organisms from the earth
• Extinction wildlife are species that no longer
  live on the earth
• Activities of humans may increase the rate of
  extinction
• Developing land
• Hunting
• In nature, new species often emerge to replace
  extinct species, the new species are better
  adapted to live in their environment

7
Examples of Extinct Species
8
The woolly mammoth is now an extinct species
9
Fossil of an extinct shellfish
10
2. Endangered Species

• Endangered species are plants, animals, and other
  organisms threatened with become extinct
• The organism is not reproducing itself in
  sufficient numbers to assure survival
• Sometime, the only surviving members of the
  species may be found in wildlife preserves, zoos,
  or other facilities designed to maintain
  endangered species
• Nearly 400 species are list as endangered species

11
Examples of Endangered Species
12
3. Threatened Species

• A threatened species is one that force serious
  dangers and is likely to become endangered
• 128 species are listed as threatened

13
4. Rare Species

• A rare species is a wildlife species that exists
  in small numbers
• It could become threatened, endangered, or
  extinct if conditions in its natural environment
  change for the worse

14
Why Species Are Lost

• Natural extinction results from gradual changes
  in the species or its environment
• Human-caused endangement

15
1. Natural Extinction

• Speciation is the natural change of an organism
  into another species
• Natural selection occurs when some species or
  members of a species survive and other do not,
  genetic type is important, some may resistant to
  a disease or pesticide

16
2. Human-Caused Endangerment

• Direct wildlife endangerment involves taking
  action against wildlife so it is endangered
• Indirect wildlife endangerment is the
  unintentional destruction of wildlife habitat or
  the unintentional production of hazards in the
  environment

17
Direct Endangerment

• Predator control
• Overexploitation (over-fishing)
• Sport hunting
• Trading

18
Furs are marketed in some areas
19
Indirect Endangerment

• Urbanization
• Manufacturing
• Mining and cutting
• Crops and livestock
• Recreation

20
Shopping Center
21
Practices That Protect Wildlife

• Captive breeding is breeding animals outside
  their natural habitat in captivity, it is often
  used to replenish animals in zoos, parks, and
  animal shows, fish enhancement is producing fish
  in captivity to increase the natural populations
  in streams
• Reserves and refuges, wildlife reserves are
  natural setting in which wildlife are protected,
  and enhancements provided, to encourage breeding
• Preserving habitat is maintaining areas for
  wildlife habitat around or near crop farms,
  factories, residential areas, and other places
• Ecosystem rehabilitation is using practices to
  restore an ecosystem that has been destroyed

22
Wildlife Protection Legislation of Thailand

• Animal wildlife protection legislation
• Endanger animal wildlife
• Threatened animal wildlife
• Act of Legislation
• Wild plant trading in Thailand
• Convention on biodiversity

23
Tests

• Why should wildlife be protected?
• What are the classifications of wildlife on the
  basis of species survival?
• How do humans threaten wildlife species?
• How does natural extinction affect wildlife?
• Distinguish between direct and indirect
  endangerment of wildlife by human activity
• What practices can be used to protect wildlife?