Metals and their uses

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Metals and their uses
Mild Steel Stainless Steel High Speed Steel Cast
Iron Aluminium Duralumin Copper
Brass Lead Tin Zinc
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All metals fall within two groups
Pure Metals Alloys
Iron Copper Aluminium Lead Zinc Tin Gold
(a mixture of two or more materials) Brass (
Copper Zinc) Steel (Iron Carbon) Cast Iron
(Iron Carbon) Duralumin (Aluminium
Copper) Bronze (Copper, Tin, Phosphorus) High
Speed Steel (Tungsten, Chromium, Carbon, Vanadium
Molybdenum)
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These metals can be further subdivided
Ferrous Metals Non Ferrous Metals
(Containing Iron)
(Containing No Iron)
Copper Aluminium Lead Zinc Tin Gold Brass Duraliu
m Bronze
Iron Steel Cast Iron HSS
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Steel and its uses
Steel is the most commonly used metal and is used
in everything from Sewing needles to Skyscrapers
HMS Ark Royal
AHS Library
Advantages
Low Cost, High Strength Easy to work with.
Disadvantages
Rusts
The Golden Gate Bridge
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Back
Steel
Rod
Bar (Flat Square)
Sheet
Steel is also available in Tube, Hex bar, Angle
Iron, and Girders
In the school workshop we have the following
types of Steel
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Stainless Steel and its uses
Back
Stainless Steel is a mixture of Steel, and
Chromium
HMS Ark Royal
Cutlery
The pinnacle of New York's Chrysler Building is
clad with stainless steel
Advantages
Does not rust
Disadvantages
Surgical Instruments
More difficult to Join tan ordinary Mild Steel
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High Speed Steel
HMS Ark Royal
Saw Blades
Drills
Advantages
Cutting Tools
Hard, it can withstand higher temperatures
without losing its temper (hardness).
High Speed Steel is a material usually used in
the manufacture of machine tool bits and other
cutters
Disadvantages
Back
Brittle,
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Cast Iron and its uses
Back
Cast Iron is a mixture of 98 Iron and 2 Carbon.
Cast Iron Fence
Vices
Advantages
Low Cost, Casts well, High Strength (under
compression)
Disadvantages
Rusts, Brittle, Difficult to join, Low Strength
(under tension)
Pans
Engine Blocks
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Aluminium and its uses
Audi A8
From aluminum pioneer to volume production Audi
has now built more than 150,000 vehicles with
aluminum body - including over 93,000 Audi A8 and
just under 57,000 A2 models.
The Kilean
The Kilean is a mussel farm boat operating in
Loch Spelve on the Island of Mull. Built in 1999
Advantages
Disadvantages
Lightweight, Malleable, Ductile Does not
corrode, Low melting point (660 C)
Higher Cost thansteel, Harder to Weld
Back
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Aluminium
Extrusion
Bar (rectangular and square)
Ingots
Rod
Sheet
In the school work shop we have the following
types of aluminium
Back
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Duralumin and its uses
Back
Duralumin is often used for aircraft cladding
Duralumin is an alloy of 96 Aluminum and 4
Copper. The copper being added to strengthen the
aluminum
Advantages
Lightweight, Malleable, Ductile Does not
corrode to any great extent, Low melting point
(660 C)
Disadvantages
Higher Cost than steel, Harder to Weld
Jet engine impellers
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Copper and its uses
Wire
Pots Pans
Gutters
Copper is one of the oldest metals known to man.
The earliest known copper article is a pendant
dating from 9000 BC in Asia Minor. Copper
gradually became more plentiful as ancient man
learnt how to produce copper from copper ore. The
discovery of alloying copper and tin to make
bronze (the first ever alloy) was a major step
forward because bronze is harder, tougher and
stronger than copper
Advantages
Malleable, Ductile, Good Conductor of heat
electricity, Does not corrode to any great extent
Disadvantages
High Cost Rather soft
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Copper
Bar (rectangular and square)
Rod
Sheet
In the school work shop we have the following
types of copper
Back
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Brass and its uses
Hardware
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc and is used
extensively in the production of maritime
fixtures and fittings (screws, hinges etc)
Ornaments
Advantages
Ductile Does not corrode to any great extent
Disadvantages
Musical Instruments
High Cost Brittle if cold worked
Woodscrews
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Brass
Bar (rectangular and square)
Rod
Sheet
In the school work shop we have the following
types of brass
Back
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Lead and its uses
Back
Fishing Weights
Lead is often used in batteries, Radiation
shields around X-ray equipment and nuclear
reactors, Used to contain corrosive liquids For
ammunition. The Romans used lead for plumbing
(the decline of the Roman empire is attributed to
lead in the water supply!)
Roofing Materials
Advantages
Malleable, Ductile, Easy to work Does not
corrode to any great extent
Disadvantages
Heavy Rather soft
Stain Glass Windows
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Tin and its uses
Tin Cans (Not actually made from Pure tin but
Mild steel sheet coated in a thin layer of tin)
Solder (Lead Tin alloy)
Advantages
Tin is seldom used in its pure form but is often
added to other metals to form Alloys such as
bronze, bell metal, Babbitt metal, die casting
alloy, pewter, phosphor bronze, soft solder,
Does not corrode
Disadvantages
Heavy Rather soft, Expensive
Back
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Zinc and its uses
Back
American Cents are made form a Zinc rich alloy
The most common use for Zinc is galvanising, This
is the process of dipping mild steel in a tank of
molten Zinc, this provides a corrosion resistant
coating
Galvanized Steel Bucket
Zinc is also used for sacrificial anodes on the
hull of steel boats
Advantages
Does not corrode
Disadvantages
Heavy Rather soft, Expensive
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Glossary of Terms
Malleable Malleability is the ability of a
material to be hammered or rolled without
cracking. Very few metals have good malleability
when cold, but most are malleable when heated to
a suitable temperature. Ductile A ductile
material is one which can easily be drawn out
into thin wire. Brittle A Brittle material may
resist a steady force but fail easily when
subject to a sharp blow. Hardness Hardness is
defined as a resistance to indentation or
scratching. Toughness Tough materials resist
fracture by blows.
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The End