Open Source Geoinformatics for Environmental Modeling

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Open Source Geoinformatics for Environmental
Modeling

• Helena Mitasova
• North Carolina State University
• Markus Neteler
• ITC-irst
• Jaro Hofierka, University of Presov, Carlo Ratti,
  MIT

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Why geospatial software for EM

• computation of input parameters
• development of modeling tools
• analysis and visualization of results
• processing and visualization of observed data for
  model calibration and validation
• on-line distribution of data and results

GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Processing Input Data

Extracting streams and basin boundaries from SRTM
data for Central Panama provides more detailed
stream network than otherwise available (GRASS6,
2006)
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Development of algorithms

Visualization for development of particle
sampling method for solving sediment flow
continuity equation (GRASS4.2 1996) impact of
number of particles on accuracy
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Analysis, visualization of results

Visualization of flooding potential taking into
account the height of the buildings (GRASS6, 2006)
Analysis of solar conditions in urban environment
(GRASS6, 2006)
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Processing Observed Data

4D model of nitrogen concentrations in
Chesapeake Bay based on bi-weekly sampling one
year cycle. Processed and visualized from EPA
data using (GRASS4.2, 1994)
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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On-line tools

Project GEOPARK Mapserver implementation
provides on-line access to various geospatial
data including radiotracked deer paths (red
lines) for the Park of Stelvio, Italy.
W
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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FOSS4G Free and Open Source Software for
Geoinformatics

- software that is free to run, study, modify and
distribute - it can be commercial but not
proprietary - open community of developers and
users Important properties for EMS -
flexibility and interoperability - extensive
supporting software tools for code management,
bug tracking, documentation - source code and
effort to document algorithms so that everybody
can understand what the program is doing
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Example Desktop System

Portability, interoperability
View Interact Teach
Geostatistics Predictive modeling
R-stats
QGIS
raster vector
Spatial Analysis Modeling
External data
GRASS
GDAL/OGR
Database engine Tables, attributes
MySQL PostgreSQL DBF
paraview
Visualize
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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FOSS4G projects I

• GDAL/OGR
• Geospatial Data Abstraction Library www.gdal.org
  , X/MIT license, format conversions
• raster over 40 formats, 8-64bit, OGC
• vector over 20 formats, OGC SF, spatial index
• command line utilities for format translation,
  filtering, reprojection/warping
• portable C, public API, bindings for Python,
  Perl, JAVA
• widely adopted in FOSS4G GRASS, QGIS, Mapserver,
  proprietary Google, ESRI, Leica....
• useful for linking EMS with GIS or importing /
  exporting georeferenced data

GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
11
FOSS4G projects II

• PROJ
• Cartographic Projections Library
• proj.maptools.org
• over 120 cartographic projections, datums
• command line utilities for coordinate
  transformation, reprojection/warping,
• portable C, public API, bindings for JAVA
• projection definitions EPSG codes or user
• widely adopted in FOSS4G
• useful for integrating data from various sources
  in EMS

GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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GRASS the largest FOSSGIS

1984 developed at CERL as land management support
system, evolved into general purpose GIS 1999
GPL, international team of developers Portable
all common OS, 32/64bit, code in
C Interoperability through GDAL Web-based
infrastructure CVS, bug reports, users and
programmers manual (doxygen), wiki, IRC channel
Commercial support
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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GRASS6 spatial data types

2D raster and imagery 2D/3D topological vector
3D raster (voxels)
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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GRASS6 functionality

• fully integrated 350 modules
• add-ons managed on wiki
• GEM (GRASS extension manager)
• raster map algebra, DEM analysis, flow, buffers,
  neighbourhood analysis, solar, cost surfaces,
  covariance,
• image rectification, multispectral,
  reclassification, fft
• vector buffers, overlays, conversions, networks,
• DBMS attribute management, SQL
• transformations projections, raster-vector
  conversions, interpolation/approximation
• visualization 2D display, 3D visualization, ps
  maps
• WMS support r.in.wms (web map service), Google
  earth through v.out.ogr

GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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GRASS GUIs gis.m, QGIS, JGRASS

gis.m powerful tcltk GUI, to be ported to
wxPython
Quantum GIS popular, user friendly GIS viewer
with GRASS plugin
JGRASS Java based framework for GRASS, focus
on hydrologic applications
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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WebGIS integrated services

Raster
Oracle Sp.
Vector/DBMI
PostGIS
ArcSDE
Raster GeoTIFF, IMG, ...
Vector SHAPE, MapInfo,...
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
17
Coupling FOSS4G and EMS

• Full integration as a module, workflows can be
  automated using scripts
• Combination of FOSS4G and EMS tools using
  external workflow tools such as Kepler
• Integration of FOSS4G into EMS using the
  available libs (GDAL, PROJ) or entire modules
  functionality e.g. using the swig interface (new)
  - licence issues for binaries

GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
18
FOSS4G and EM example tools and applications

• Terrain modeling and analysis
• Coastal processes
• Water quality, erosion
• Solar energy

GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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High resolution DEMs
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Multitemporal DEMs
0 300m
1974 peak at 108 ft. 2001 peak at 72 ft.
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Watershed analysis and hydrologic modeling

• flowtracing and watershed analysis
• r.watershed D8, SFD
• r.flow Dinf, SFD
• r.terraflow D8, SFD/MFD
• process-based modeling
• r.sim.wateroverland water flow
• r.sim.sediment erosion/deposition
• r.topmodel hydrologic simulation
• r.hydro.casc2d hydrology, diffusive wave -
  on-going port to GRASS6

flow pattern by r.flow
HydroFOSS Tech. Univ. Milan, Como JGRASS
Univ. of Trento, Italy
erosion/deposition by r.usped
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Overland flow
current 49 forest
construction 24 forest
discharge m3/s
Spatial distribution of water discharge for 1hr
steady rainfall at 46mm/hr
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Net erosion/deposition
0.001kg/ms erosion87kg/s
0.01-6.0kg/ms erosion968kg/s
erosion deposition
main impact is outside construction site stream
erosion within the buffer
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Solar radiation modeling

Application of r.sun in urban areas with 3-D city
models (cost/revenue analysis for solar panels,
building design, urban greenery, thermal
conditions,...)
kWh/m2
Jaro Hofierka University of Presov
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Photovoltaic potential

Seasonal changes in photovoltaic potential in
urban area
Monthly values of electricity potentially
produced by each building using solar panels
impact of roof area, slope, aspect,material was
included Jaro Hofierka University of Presov
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
26
Future technology under development

Terrain analysis for massive data sets STREAM
http//terrain.cs.duke.edu GRID computing
GEON http//www.geongrid.org Tangible GIS
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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GIS and physical models

New technologies are combining easy to interpret
3d physical models of landscape with geospatial
data to facilitate communication and collaboration
Illuminated Clay - Tangible GIS developed by MIT
Media Lab and SENSEable City lab
Viewer GISon3D
Xenovision Dynamic Matrix Display NG Terrain
Table
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Case study

• explore how TanGIS can be used to solve
  real-world problems common at communities and
  installations
• investigate what new development is needed to
  make the practical applications feasible

20 ha area at NCSU exp. farms sediment and flood
control
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Analysis using a physical model

Data
Flow computed by Illuminated Clay in
synchronous mode
Aspect Slope
Physical Model
Shadow Elevation
Scanned phys. model
Slope and flow computed in GRASS in
asynchronous mode
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Design with TanGIS

adding a checkdam creating a depression while
watching the flow and slope to change
simulated overland flow depth for modified surface
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Future TanGIS

Physical model
Computer
color attributes
projector
GIS Real-time data from Terrestrial sensors and
satellites
3D scanner
surface elevation
3D shaper
GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Open SourceGeospatial FoundationOSGEO

• Mission
• To support the development of open source
  geospatial software and promote its widespread
  use.
• Founded in February 2006

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OSGEO goals, members

• provide resources for foundation projects
• promote freely available geodata
• encourage the implementation of open standards
• ensure high quality in foundation projects
• make software more accessible to end users
• support OSGeo software in education and research
• Founding projects
• GDAL/OGR, GeoTools, GRASS, Mapbender, MapBuilder,
  MapGuide Open Source, MapServer, OSSIM

GRASS GIS
Open Source Geospatial
Foundation
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Capacity building
Communities growing together...
GRASS GISSpatial Computing http//grass.itc.i
t
GDAL - Geospatial Data Abstraction Library
http//www.gdal.org
... AND MANY OTHERS!
http//www.osgeo.org
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Acknowledgment

Funding by US Army Research Office, NC WRRI and
North Carolina Sediment Control Commission is
gratefully acknowledged
Joint Meeting 9/2006, Lausanne,
CHGRASS/MUM/EOGEO/JAVA gt FOSS4G2006 Conference
http//www.foss4g2006.org
orolin.blog.sme.sk