FCS 2400 October 31, 2006

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FCS 2400 October 31, 2006

• Power and Violence in Marriages and Families

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Announcements

• No exam back today
• Domestic violence
• History
• Prevalence
• explanations
• Thursday
• Child abuse
• Policy and prevention

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Domestic Violence in Historical Perspective

• Domestic violence violent acts between family
  members or between women and men in intimate or
  dating relationships

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The Twentieth Century

• The Political Model of Domestic Violence
• Power and authority of men over women
• Social structure supported mens control over
  women through law and social custom
• Rule of Thumb man could beat his wife with
  stick no thicker than his thumb
• Deeply rooted in laws and customs
• End only with political action by womens groups
  and their allies

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The Twentieth Century

• Medical Model
• Domestic violence seen as illness and source of
  injury
• Both victim and abuser in need of help
• First 20 years of 20th century saw establishment
  of domestic relations courts
• No real movement until 1962
• Battered Childrens Syndrome
• By 1967 all states enacted reporting suspected
  cases of child abuse

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The Twentieth Century

• No attention to wife beating until
• mid 1970s
• Political pressure by Feminist movement
• Rape became an issue
• Formation of services for rape victims
• Feminist movements fundamental goal was to
  remove social supports of male violence

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What Do We Know?

• Cannot tell if it has increased or decreased
  because there is no historical tracking device
• Some surveys gathered information about violence
  between adults in intimate partnerships

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Intimate Partner Violence

• Amount of violence that has occurred over time
  may not have changed, but the attention we have
  paid to it has
• Examples..

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Intimate Partner Violence

• Estimates are that 20 to 25 of the women in the
  United States have been physically abused by an
  male intimate at least once
• Recent survey showed that 22 of women reported
  an act of violence had occurred at least once by
  an intimate partner
• Women reported higher rates of intimate partner
  violence
• National Crime Victimization survey of 2004
  supports this finding
• Report also substantiated that rape occurs
  between intimate partners

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Prevalence--Utah

• Utah rate was 23 than nat rate. In 2001, Utah
  ranked 16/51.

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Prevalence--Utah

• 2.5 of the respond experienced DV (2002 Utah
  Crime Victimization Survey).
• decrease from the 3.3 in 2000.
• 1/3 victims who reported, occurred only once
  during 2002. 2/3 more than once
• 11.5 report 10 plus occurrences
• ¼ report to police

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• What about among same sex couples?
• Not as many services
• Fear of stigmatization
• What about elder abuse?
• Most likely domestic violence

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Some Explanations

• Social Learning Perspective
• Frustration Aggression Perspective
• Social Exchange Perspective

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Social Learning

• Individuals learn behavior they will later
  exhibit by observing what others do and seeing
  the consequence these actions
• Video applicationcycle of foster care violence
• Cycle of abuse 30 of those abused become
  abusers as adults
• Only 5 of general population abuses

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Frustration-Aggression Perspective

• Aggressive behavior occurs when a person is
  blocked from achieving a goal
• This perspective is linked with poverty
  experiences..

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Social Exchange Perspective

• Social exchange perspective People calculate
  whether to engage in a particular behavior by
  considering the rewards and costs of that
  behavior and the rewards of alternatives to it
• Nonworking wives more likely to be victim
• Women with economic independence or power are
  less likely to be victims

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Why do women stay

• Personal reasons
• Public reasons

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Student recommendation

• We have decided to offer Free Tickets to Sarah
  Jones - Monday Nov. 6th.
•  
• All students/Faculty and Staff  at University of
  Utah are able to get Free Tickets.
•  
• Visit the Kingsbury Hall Box office or call
  581-7100 or ASUU at 581-2788 General Public
  Prices remain the same.
•         ASUU is proud to present An Evening with
  Sarah Jones
•  
• Sarah Jones Ms. Jones was born in Baltimore,
  Maryland to an African American father and mother
  of mixed Euro-American and Caribbean descent. Her
  multicultural background and upbringing in
  Boston, Washington DC, and Queens, New York,
  influenced her development into what The New
  Yorker termed a "multicultural mynah bird who
  lays our mongrel nation before us with gorgeous,
  pitch-perfect impersonations of the rarely heard
  or dramatized." Ms Jones, has entertained many
  audiences with her multi-character solo shows,
  including Bridge Tunnel, a critically
  acclaimed, long running smash-hit on Broadway.
  Ms. Jones' career has taken her from a sold-out
  run at The Kennedy Center to tours around the
  world.
• When Monday, November 6, 2006 _at_ 800 PM
• Where Kingsbury Hall
• Cost Only 7 for U of U Students, Faculty and
  Stafftickets available at Kingsbury Hall or at
  http//www.kingsburyhall.org
• For more information, please contact ASUU at
  581-2788 or Kingsbury Hall at 581-7100

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Child Abuse

• Child abuse Serious physical harm (trauma,
  sexual abuse with injury, or willful
  malnutrition) of a child by an adult, with intent
  to injure
• Utah mandatory reporting state
• Most tolerated form of family violence
• Goes back to Puritans
• Good parents had moral duty to break childs
  will

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Prevalence

• Neglect (54)
• Physical (23)
• Sexual (12)
• Medical Neglect (6)
• Emotional (6)

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Child Abuse

• More likely in
• Low-income families
• 9 times more likely to be involved in physical or
  educational neglect
• 3-5 times more likely to be involved in physical
  or sexual abuse
• Single-parent families (why?)
• Families where father did not have a full-time
  job (what mechanism here??)

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Child Abuse

• Sexual Abuse and its Consequences
• Social surveys report higher prevalence than
  state child protection officials reports
• 17 of women and 12 of men said they were
  touched sexually before puberty

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Risk Factors For Child Abuse

• A belief in physical punishment.
• Parents may have unrealistic expectations about
  what the child is capable of.
• Parents who abuse were often abused or neglected
  as children.
• Parental stress and feelings of helplessness.

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Child Abuse

• Rising Abuse or Reports?
• 2.8 million cases reported in 1998
• Slightly over 1 million reports in 1980
• 150,000 reports in 1963
• Laws mandating reporting and broadened reporting
  systems may have increased number of cases
  reported
• May have been an increase in the past decade
• Well-being of children in low income families has
  deteriorated

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Child Abuse

• Poverty or Abuse?
• Which causes most of the resultant problems?
• Child protective workers may overreact to
  maltreatment, when the real problem is poverty
  (Besharov)

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Domestic Violence and Public Policy

• Protecting the victim vs. preserving the family

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The Policy Debate

• Liberals favor equality between men and women
• likely in favor of intervention and support
• Conservatives favor support of male-headed
  two-parent families
• Unlikely to be in favor of either

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Social Programs

• Cultural emphasis on self-fulfillment and
  independence supports women leaving
• Women have more earning power and therefore more
  authority in marriages
• Deteriorating earnings of young men reduce
  attractiveness of staying with abuser
• Difficult to design programs to address spousal
  abuse

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PRWORA (welfare reform) Family Violence Option

• Allows states
• to screen for DV
• refer to specialized services
• temp exemp from program requirements
• Goal is to enable battered women to have the
  time, services, and supports they need to address
  DV barriers to work
• 32 states have adopted the FVO
• 12 states have equivalent policies
• 5 states have neither
• Utah has adopted the FVO

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Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)

• Signed into law in 1994
• Funding
• National hotline
• Mandated interstate enforcement of protective
  orders

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VAWA Reauthorized

• Reauth. at 185 million for fiscal yrs 01-05.
• Strengthens fed laws, including housing legal
  assist.
• Funds/aid mand. arreststraining, filing waivers
• Expand protection (older, disabled, immig.).
• Trafficking provisions
• Adds dating violence as an area of protection
• Stalking
• (Data base Toughens laws about cyber stalking
  interstate stalking issues)

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What should be our priorities?

• stiffer laws?
• Couple counseling?
• Healthy marriages?

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Utah Shelter Statistics 2003

• 16 Domestic Violence Shelters in operation in
  Utah
• 6,078 Clients sheltered in 2003
• 922 people turned away who were seeking shelter
  thats more than 2 per day
• 894 of these were in Salt Lake Valley
• 35,457 crisis calls approx 97 calls per day

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More Info.
Domestic Violence Information Line 1-800-897-LINK
(5465) Rape Recovery Center 467-7273 UCASA (
Rape/ Sexual Assault Crisis Line)
1-888-421-1100 Child Abuse Hotline
281-5151 Family Support Center Crisis Nursery
Sugarhouse 487-7778, Midvale 255-6881 Prevent
Child Abuse Utah 532-3404 Support Groups Call
211 for times and locations Suicide Prevention
Line 261-1442 South Valley Sanctuary
255-1095 TWCA ( DV shelter) 537-8600 www.endabuse.
org  http//www.vaw.umn.edu/library/ http//www.sa
fe4all.org/