Nursing Theory and Conceptual Framework

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Nursing Theory and Conceptual Framework

• N1111 Nursing Concepts

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Science

• Science - a method of bringing together facts and
  giving them coherence and integrity.
• Scientific inquiry - five aspects
• hypothesis
• method
• data collection
• results
• evaluation

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Theory

• Theory - group of related concepts that explain
  existing phenomena and predict future events.
• Elements
• inclusiveness
• consistency
• accuracy
• relevance
• fruitfulness
• simplicity

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Nursing Science

• Nursing science is a collection of data related
  to nursing that may be applied to the practice of
  nursing
• Developing the science and practice of nursing is
  an essential component of the discipline,
  generating knowledge that supports and advances
  healthcare.
• Conceptual models and nursing theories evolve
  from nursing science.

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Conceptual Framework

• Set of concepts (constructs) and propositions
• concepts (constructs) describe ideas about
  individuals, groups, situations, events
• propositions show relationship

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Concepts/constructs

• Person - all human beings
• individuals, families, communities, groups
• Environment - factors that affect individuals
• internal and external
• Health - state of well-being
• Nursing - Is, Do, Interact

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Theory

• Explains or describes nursing
• More specific than concepts and propositions
• Theories relate concepts by using definitions
  that state significant relationships
• Foundation for nursing knowledge

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Levels of Theory

• Grand Theory, e.g. Rogers Theory of Unitary Man
• Middle Range Theory, e.g., Jacobs Grief or Older
  Women

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Selected Theorists

• Nightingale - Environment
• Orem - Self Care
• Roy - Adaptation
• Watson - Science of care

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Non-Nursing Theories

• General Systems
• Whole and its parts
• Maslows Hierarchy of Human Needs
• motivation toward fulfilling needs
• prioritize needs
• Lewins Change Theory
• unfreezing, movement, refreezing

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Gordons Functional Health Patterns

• Nurses focus on the whole
• FHP delineate human needs
• focus on behaviors that occur with time
• present total picture
• represent basic health needs that develop as
  people strive to meet those needs
• patterns are interrelated
• provide framework for human assessment

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Application

• Gordon
• comprehensive discussion of client needs
• Maslow
• hierarchy for ranking the needs
• Systems
• analysis of relationships, purposes, reasons, and
  tasks

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Patterns

• Health Perception/Health Management
• Activity and Exercise
• Nutrition and Metabolism
• Elimination
• Sleep and Rest
• Cognition and Perception
• Other - Psychological functioning

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Critical Thinking Exercise

• Steps to accomplish task
• Select nursing theory
• Four concepts
• Argue for, against chosen theory