Title: ES 101-02. Module 1 Introduction to Data Networking
1ES 101-02. Module 1Introduction to Data
Networking
2Background
- This seminar is designed to introduce students to
the concept of data networking and
internetworking - Wide Area Networks (WAN)
- Local Area Networks (LAN)
- Routing
- The Internet is the most common (and largest)
example of an internetwork - Network of Networks
- In order to understand the Internet, we must
first understand internetworking - After this intro to networking, we will get into
the specifics of web applications and build a web
site
3Contact Instructor
- Office hours are by appointment
- Featheringill Hall - Room 249
- Telephone X 22962
- Cell 256-683-5641 (Emergencies only!!)
- Email andy.dozier_at_vanderbilt.edu
- Use Prometheus unless you have a personal issue
that you need to discuss
If the door is open, come in. If the door is
shut, dont knock!!
4Evacuation Procedures
- In the event of a fire or other emergency, exit
the building promptly at the nearest stairwell - Do not take the elevator
- Get at least 50 feet away from the building
5Students with Disabilities
If a student requires course accommodations due
to a disability, or if a student has emergency
medical information to share with the
instructor, please make an appointment with Dr.
Dozier as soon as possible. Dr. Dozier can be
reached by any of the methods outlined on Slide
3.
6Course Materials
- Class website
- http//eecs.vanderbilt.edu/courses/es101-02/
- You should check the class web site at least
weekly - Lecture notes will be posted to the web site
prior to each class - Hopefully, at least an hour prior
- Course Management System
- Blackboard
- All students must be registered to access this
system - There is no textbook for this class
- The class web site and lecture notes essentially
constitute a Class Pack
7Other Sources of Information
- There are three upper division courses taught on
the subject of networking CS 283, EECE 261, and
EECE 262 - Professor Dozier teaches the EECE 261/262 course
sequence. - There are no pre-requisites other than math and
physics - CS 283 is taught in the Computer Science program
and has many pre-requisites - Both courses have web sites
- http//eecs.vanderbilt.edu/courses/eece261
- http//eecs.vanderbilt.edu/courses/eece262
8Other Sources of Information (contd)
- The textbook used in EECE 261/262 is a very
useful resource, and has its own web site - http//williamstallings.com/DCC/DCC7e.html
- If you are interested in this topic, there are
literally thousands of sources on the Internet - You may also want to consider joining a
professional society such as the IEEE, which has
a Networking and Communications society - Professor Dozier is the counselor of the IEEE
9IEEE
- Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers
(IEEE) - Excellent means of keeping up with the technical
side of networking communications - International organization that is widely
recognized - Example Ethernet standards are IEEE 802.3
- Composed of 37 societies
- Students get deeply discounted national and
society membership dues and publication cost - IEEE Membership 30/year
- Society Membership 7/year to 20/year
- Society membership includes appropriate society
magazine - You can belong to multiple societies, depending
on your interests
10VUSE IEEE Student Chapter
- Membership registration can be done via the web
- http//www.ieee.org follow links to student
resources - When you register, you automatically join the
VUSE Student Chapter - Prof. Dozier is the counselor of the student
chapter, and approves all applications - Officers We need volunteers
- President, OPEN
- Vice President, OPEN
- Secretary/Treasurer - OPEN
- Program Chair OPEN
- Webmaster OPEN
11Conferences
- Developments in the field of networking and
communications move so fast that attendance at
conferences is mandatory to stay abreast of new
technologies - Lifelong pursuit to stay fresh
- IEEE has many conferences, check out the IEEE
website for the calendar - http//www.ieee.org/conferences/
12VSC-IT
- It may not be obvious, but there are over 350
student organizations on campus - Many of these organizations would like to have
web sites - The level of knowledge required to build and
maintain a web site is too low for most students
to be successful - ITS does not provide web development support to
any student organizations - To meet this need, a new volunteer, student-run
organization has been formed, VSC-IT - Professor Dozier is the counselor of this
organization - Michelle Stuy (michelle.r.stuy_at_Vanderbilt.Edu) is
the President
You do not have to be an EECS major to
participate!!
13Seminar Objectives
- Develop knowledge of how packet switched networks
operate - LAN/WAN
- Internetworking
- Develop knowledge of how client/server and
peer-to-peer networks operate - Typical applications will be noted in class
- Provide a rudimentary knowledge of how to do
network troubleshooting - Ping, traceroute, etc.
14Seminar Objectives (contd)
- Once basic networking knowledge has been
achieved, we will discuss web applications - Specifically web development
- Each student will create a web site on our EECS
web development server as a final project - These can then be rehosted on either the VSC-IT
server, and/or Helios - If you want to register a domain name, it can be
forwarded to the Vanderbilt servers
15Grading Policy
- The main purpose of this seminar is to assist
students in understanding the field of
engineering in general, and to make decisions
regarding what major academic area best suits
their needs - That said, Vanderbilts (and most other academic
institutions) culture utilizes grades to assess
relative performance of students (ie. GPA) - So, there will be a grading policy for this course
16Grading Parameters
- Class project. Performance of a project cements
the concepts covered in the lectures, and gives
the student a physical feel for how this stuff
works - I prefer utilizing a class project as the grading
mechanism for this course - Research Paper on a networking topic chosen by
the student
You get to pick!!
17Project Completion
- If you dont finish, I cant grade your work
- This implies that the entire semester grade will
be dependent on completing the project in a
timely fashion - If you dont finish, I will have to give you an
incomplete
18Survey
- In order to better serve the students, course
content must be tailored to the relative
performance level of the class - How much do students know about this topic?
- This changes from year-to-year as students become
more web savvy - I will generate an on-line survey in OAK to
assist me in determining the level of knowledge
of the class - The survey for this class will assist me in
tailoring the material
19Intro to Networking
- All data networking utilizes digital
communication techniques - Information is represented by ones and zeros
- Any information can be converted into digital
form via a conversion process, and vice a versa - The field of networking utilizes a layered
communication model, in which each layer
communicates with the layers below and above - The focus of network equipment development is on
the interfaces between these different layers - Networks break down into two technologies
- Local Area Networks (LAN)
- Wide Area Networks (WAN)
20Intro to Networking (contd)
- Communication between cooperating entities
(computers) occurs via packets - Wide Area Networking generally means that you
have to utilize a public carrier to move your
information - ATT, Sprint, etc.
- Information is passed between multiple LANs
across the WAN by the use of routers - All communication occurs via serial techniques
across the WAN
21Data Communication History
- Roman armies used semaphore signaling
- Modern communications began with the invention of
the telegraph - Over sixty different methods proposed by 1850
- Samuel Morses technique emerged as the de facto
text encoding standard (Morse Code) - Maximum data rate achieved by a human telegraph
operator was 15,000 words/shift using Morse Code - For an 8 hour shift, data rate 4.2 Bytes/sec
22Bits vs. Bytes
- A binary digit, or bit is represented by either
a one or a zero - Fiber-optic communication example
- If the light source is on in a given time
interval, this represents a 1 - If the light source is off during a given time
interval, this represents a 0 - This technique is known as On/Off Keying
- So, all information can be represented by turning
a light source on and off - Todays technology supports an On/Off rate of
40 billion bits/second, or 40 Gigabits/sec
23Bits vs. Bytes (contd)
- When computers were invented, it was necessary to
represent all possible combinations of keystrokes
in a digital fashion - It turns out that this can be done with 7 bits,
plus one parity bit which is used for error
correction - This signaling system is known as the ASCII
character set - ASCII stands for the American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
24ASCII Character Set Binary Notation
25More About Bits and Bytes
- So, one ASCII character can be represented by an
8-bit chunk of information - Hence, an 8-bit chunk was named a Byte or an
Octet - This terminology is used throughout the world of
networking
You must be careful in discussions re. whether
or not you are talking about bits, or Bytes
26Serial Communication Techniques
- We have now demonstrated that by creating a bit
stream of ones and zeros, we can interpret this
information as a character stream at a remote
site via a receiver, with certain provisos - The receiver must know what time it is
- Beyond the scope of this seminar
- There must be a clear demarcation between each
byte, or group of bytes - Generally use the parity bit
27Bit Errors
- What would happen if, for some reason, a bit got
flipped during the transmission process? - A decision error would occur at the receiver
- Depending on where this occurs in the bit stream,
the entire amount of information will be in error - How would this be detected?
- How would you recover from the bit error
- All wide area communication links have an
inherent bit error rate or BER - Typically one/billion bits is flipped
- BER 10-9 for this case
28Effect of BER on Data Transmission
- What would happen if we were to transfer a 1.0
GByte file across the wide area, when the BER of
the link is 10-9? - Answer we would never accomplish the data
transfer - So, we need a means of chopping up our message,
and sending it in smaller chunks, with a means of
error detection and recovery - How would we do this? We have now made the case
that transfer of a large volume of information
would require - Error detection
- Error recovery
29Packets and Packet Switching
- If we segment, or break, the message into smaller
pieces and send it across the WAN, we could
successfully transfer the 1.0 GByte file
mentioned previously over the communication link - This assumes that you can reassemble the
message on the far end - Doing this requires certain additional
information - Control information
- Error detection
- If a packet is flawed or lost, a retransmission
of the original information is requested by the
receiver - In order to do this efficiently, different packet
layers or protocols must be developed
30Packet Switched Protocol Architecture
31Packet Structure
- A packet may have three parts Header, Trailer,
and Application Payload, or Protocol Data Unit
32Packet Layers, Segmentation, and Reassembly
33Internet Procotols
- The Internet family of protocols was developed
as a general-purpose, packet switched
architecture back in the 1970s - We will focus for the remainder of the class on
this family of protocols, supporting
applications, and how they can be used to
transport information, in other words
How the Internet Works
34Internet Protocol Architecture
35Next Lecture
- Routing and IP Addressing