ECOLOGICAL THEATER

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ECOLOGICAL THEATER
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ECOSYSTEM Basic Functional Unit of Ecology

• Community of Organisms
• Flow of Energy
• Cycling of Materials Biogeochemical Cycles
• Feedback Control

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BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESWhat Materials?

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats/Lipids
• Nucleotides

Materials do not cycle, rather the elements that
make up the materials cycle through the
environment.
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CYCLING OF MATERIALSPhosphorus Cycle
P
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CYCLING OF MATERIALSNitrogen Cycle
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CYCLING OF MATERIALSCarbon Cycle
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Greenhouse Gases

• Water Vapor
• Methane
• Chloroflorocarbons
• Nitrous oxide
• Carbon dioxide

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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
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Ozone

• Absorption of solar radiation by
• stratospheric ozone is responsible
• for the temperature increase in the stratosphere
• The above absorption protects animals and plants
  on the surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation
• Ozone "pollution" in the lower atmosphere
  created by commercial aircraft acts as a
  Greenhouse gas
• Ozone pollution near the surface due to sunlight
  breaking apart smog can cause respiratory
  problems in humans.

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OZONE
Ozone hole over Antarctica
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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEConsequences?

• Risks to human health
• Risks to ecosystem services

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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEEcosystem Services?

• INDIRECT SERVICES
• WASTE MANAGEMENT
• SOIL FERTILITY
• PLANT POLLINATION
• SEED DISPERSAL
• CLIMATE CONTROL
• FLOOD CONTROL
• EROSION CONTROL
• PEST CONTROL
• WILDLIFE HABITAT
• REPOSITORY OF GENES

• DIRECT SERVICES
• WATER Freshwater streams, aquifers
• FOOD Soil, Forests, Estuaries
• BUILDING MATERIALS
• FIBERS AND FABRIC MATERIALS
• FUEL
• MEDICINAL PLANTS
• REPLENISH OXYGEN

Often ignore ecosystem services. Why?

Perceived to be free and their value hard to
measure.
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ECOSYSTEM Basic Functional Unit of Ecology

• Community of Organisms
• Flow of Energy
• Cycling of Materials Biogeochemical Cycles
• Feedback Control

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LIFE WORKS IN CYCLES
EXAMPLE A Endocrine Control
EXAMPLE B Population Regulation
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BIOFEEDBACK AND THE CARBON CYCLE
Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Project
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EPISTEMOLOGICAL CYCLE
HYPOTHESIS THE POSSIBLE
Deduction
Induction
PREDICTION
DECISION
Experimentation
Comparison
DATA THE ACTUAL
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ECOSYSTEM Basic Functional Unit of Ecology

• Community of Organisms
• Flow of Energy
• Cycling of Materials Biogeochemical Cycles
• Feedback Control

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LIFE RECYCLES EVERYTHING IT USES
CARBON CYCLE
NITROGEN CYCLE
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LIFE MAINTAINS ITSELF BY TURNOVER
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LIFE IS INTERCONNECTED
AND INTERDEPENDENT
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ECOLOGICAL THEATER Oikos Ecology and Economics
Orangutan Pongo pygamaeus
Arecaceae (palm family) 
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Orangutans A Great Ape

• PHYLUM Chordata FAMILY Hominidae
• CLASS Mammalia GENUS Pongo
• ORDER Primates SPECIES Pongo pygamaeus

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Orangutan Derived from Indonesian words orang
meaning "person" and hutan meaning "forest
person of the forest

• Arboreal apes
• Sexual dimorphism
• Diet 65 fruit
• Geophagy eat soil, rock. Why?
• Population status Endangered
• Habitat alteration/destruction
• Conversion of tropical forests to palm oil
  plantations
• Oikos Ecology and Economics
• Sunday, April 12th Report of a new population
  discovered in remote corner of Indonesia

Distribution Native to Indonesia and Malaysia
now only found in rainforests of islands of
Borneo and Sumatra
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PALM OIL Edible Plant Oil

• Derived from fruit and seeds of oil palm (plant)
• Palms range from tiny understory plants
• to towering trees found throughout the tropics
• and subtropics.  Some commercially important
• coconut (Cocos nucifera), date (Phoenix
• dactylifera) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). 
• Chemistry Fatty acids glycerol fat

Orange coloration?
Arecaceae (palm family) 
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BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESWhat Materials? Lipids
Saturated? Unsaturated?
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PALM OIL Edible Plant Oil

• Uses? Cooking oil, soaps, industrial
• lubricant, biofuel, health supplement
• Rich source of carotenoids Vitamin A
• anti-oxidants
• Long History

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ECOLOGICAL THEATER