A Presentation to

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.Airplanes As a Network. Information
Connectivity in Aviation
A Presentation to Mark Andrews, JPDO Weather IPT
Lead July 12, 2005 Ralph Yost Research
Division, ATO-P William J. Hughes FAA Technical
Center
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(No Transcript)
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Main Topics for Today

• Describe Airborne Internet and the Collaborative
  Information Environment
• Describe the Tech Center A.I. program
• Other government interests in A.I.
• Describe the Industry efforts on A.I.

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AIRBORNE INTERNET/Collaborative Information
Environment What IS this thing?
A concept that overlays network theory and
principles into the transportation realm
Information CONNECTIVITY .A scalable, general
purpose, multi-application data channel for
people in transit
A.I. brings Network Enabled Operations to the
aircraft
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A.I. Extended Definitionand Basic Principles

• Network capability for all classes of aircraft
  transport, biz jet, GA, helicopter
• Based upon open standards
• Utilize the same commercial technologies that the
  Internet is based on
• Connectivity at all altitudes, oceanic, Gulf of
  Mexico, potential world wide
• Must be reliable, available, persistent

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Airborne Internet Value Proposition A general
purpose, multi-application data channel
represents the opportunity to

• Bring real information sharing to the aircraft
• Consolidate flight deck functions to reduce
  equipage
• in the aircraft (aircraft owner saves money)
• On the ground (FAA saves money)
• Create a NEW revenue stream for aircraft
  operators that does not exist today (operators
  make money)

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A Possible Solution?
Network Aircraft as we do Computers
(A.I. Heritage Concept...application based)
Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.
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Collaborative Information Environment Meet us in
the cloud
GPS
Navigation
Satcom

• XM
• RFID
• AM/FM
• 802.xx

• Airport Services
• TIS
• FIS
• Hospitality
• Maint.

VHF Radio
Line of sight
VHF Radio
VHF Radio
DATABASE CONNECTIVITY
Gateway
Non-CIE Aircraft

• Internet
• Weather Products
• NOTAMs
• Flight Service Stations
• Other

• NAS Services
• ATM System
• HUB Airports
• TIS-B

VPN
Airborne Internet
ATC Controller
Original graphic courtesy of Computer Networks
Software, Inc.
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Airborne Internet and Network Enabled Operations

• A.I. brings TCP/IP connectivity to the aircraft,
  enabling Shared Situational Awareness.
• Currently do not have system-wide network
  connectivity
• between aircraft and/or
• between aircraft and the ground.
• Extend network-enabled operations beyond security
  to include air traffic control.
• Simply add applications (i.e. WEATHER) to the
  network as needed.

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Functional Picture of the Collaborative
Information Environment
Various Comm Links VHF, RF, IR, FM, XM,
Satellite
O/S, Products solutions
Safety
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INFORMATION CONNECTIVITY! at ALL altitudes, at
ALL times

• Reliability and Availability are design goals
• Includes backup provision for data connectivity
• - Coverage Ground up, all altitudes
• - Includes Gulf of Mexico, Oceanic, entire
  continental U.S., world wide potential

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Airborne Internet and Weather

• In the operational Airborne Internet, aircraft
  will have the ability to freely SEND and RECEIVE
  data (information)
• Deliver national capability for NGATS to
  proactively utilize probabilistic weather
  information
• Enable the Airborne Aviation Weather Observation
  Network (AAWON)
• Weather sensors aboard Airborne Internet enabled
  aircraft become a tremendous weather data
  collection opportunity
• Better ability to transfer ground derived weather
  information to aircraft
• A.I. will enable the direct integration of
  weather information into operational automated
  decision tools,
• A.I. will enable proactive weather decisions

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The Demand for Weather in the Cockpit Continues

• New Garmin Portable Device Brings Weather and
  More to GA Cockpits
• Garmin has a new portable device for GA that can
  display live satellite weather data and other
  aero-related information.
• The new GPSMAP 396 with XM WX Satellite Weather
  features NEXRAD (next generation radar) hourly
  METARS (meteorological aviation routine weather
  reports), TAFs (terminal area forecasts), TFRs
  (temporary flight restrictions) plus lightning,
  winds aloft, and several other weather products,
  Garmin says.
• The device can also display TIS (traffic
  information service) data when interfaced to the
  Garmin's GTX330 transponder, and can channel
  frequencies with the touch of a button when
  interfaced to Garmin's SL30 nav/comm radio.

GTX330 transponder
GPSMAP 396
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Great Lakes Fleet Experiment (GLFE)
andTropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data
Reporting (TAMDAR) Sensor Development
TAMDAR equipped aircraft will fly to many
smaller airports (shown in black) where
ACARS/MDCRS data is not currently available
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Why do we need TAMDAR?

• Commercial aircraft are supplying an increasing
  amount of upper air data (called ACARS or MDCRS)
  near large and medium size cities.

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Why do we need TAMDAR?

• TAMDAR soundings from commuter aircraft will
  provide needed data for improvements in computer
  models used in weather forecasting
• The data will also be directly useful to pilots,
  and to meteorologists in NWS and airline weather
  offices

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Determine whether TAMDAR can help NWS
meteorologists in field offices produce warnings
and forecasts with greater precision and accuracy.

• NWS meteorologists will use TAMDAR in forecasts
  and warning in the following program areas
• Severe Convective Storms
• Assessing Stability
• Monitoring capping inversions
• Determine potential for rotating storms
• Aviation Forecasts
• Detect low level wind shear
• Locate moist layers and inversions for cloud and
  fog forecasting
• Winter Weather
• Determine freezing level and locations of
  temperature inversions to forecast precipitation
  type of winter storms
• Fire Weather
• Soundings will be used in narrative, point and
  spot forecasts
• - Marine Weather
• . Determine winds and stability
  upstream of lakes and oceans for wind and
• wave forecasts

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Government Interest and Activity in Airborne
Internet

• FAA Technical Center A.I. Research Lab
• DoD/Military (Air Force Communications Agency,
  Scott AFB)

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FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research
LabA.I. Program

• Focal point for A.I. research development
• Converging A.I. interests of various parties
• FAA, NASA, Industry, DoD, TSA, DHS, A.I.
  Consortia
• 3. Collaborate DoD, TSA, NASA, AI Consortia,
  Industry
• 4. Pool resources for the common good
• 5. Demonstrate A.I. to stake holders
• 6. Develop A.I. to be Link Independent, Reliable,
  Available, all classes of aircraft

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Airborne Internet Lab Alliances
Federal Government
International Community
Airborne Internet Lab Development Flight
Test Capability FAA Technical Center Atlantic
City NJ
Federal Air Marshals
Dept of Homeland Security

• Academic Collaborations
• Rowan
• Stevens Inst
• ERAU
• Ohio U

• Corporate Collaborations
• PMEI
• Aerosat
• SBIR

NASA
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FAA Tech CenterSBIR Develop Airborne
Internet/Collaborative Information Environment
Services

• Develop prototype Airborne Internet Web services
  (XML) to share information about and relative to
  Airport/Facility Directory, restricted airspace.
• Create a Web service based on weather data
• Create a Web service that contains
  Airport/Facility Directory information.
• Create a restricted airspace Web service

(SSA 1.1 Knowledge flows real-time and freely
via both push and pull processes to relevant
NGATS communities of interest for informed
decision making)
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FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab

• Integration to TC NAS labs
• ATC, CNS, Simulations, Security
• Six T.C. Aircraft for flight tests
• (7th next year)
• Application research development
• SWIM, CPDLC, etc.
• Information Sharing
• Surveillance Augmentation
• XML aviation services
• VoIP, packet voice
• FAMs video, voice
• Black Box real time data
• Weather (sensors/apps)
• EFB (can display weather)
• InfoSec
• Data Compression
• IP Version 6

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FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet In SATS

• FAATC Aircraft one of six participants in High
  Volume Operations flight demo
• Airborne Internet used by 5 of the 6 flight
  participants
• Airborne Internet enabled the HVO technologies
  of SATS to work

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FAA System Wide Information Management System
(SWIM)
XML Web Services IP Network
4D flight profile
Airborne Internet/ Collaborative Information
Environment
negotiation
General Aviation
Fire
-
Wall

• SWIM

Standard
Airline Operations
Standard
Center Systems
Data
Data
Common
Common
Geographical
Geographical
Reference
Reference
AOC Traffic Flow Mgr
En Route
Oceanic
TFM
Flight Service
Tower
Terminal
Systems
Systems
Systems
Station Systems
Systems
Systems
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NAS Air Traffic Services with System-to-System
Coordination
Flight Service
Tower and Terminal
Traffic
En
-
Route and Oceanic
Specialists
Controllers
Controllers
Flow
Specialists
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FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab

• Two Different Approaches to A.I.
• AeroSat non-satellite, air transport backbone,
  includes GA ship
• - High bandwidth, very low cost connectivity
• PMEI VHF, multi-mode aviation radio, includes
  ADS-B, ICAO SARPs compliant, includes GA ship
• - Medium bandwidth, CNS avionics consolidation

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AeroSat Airborne Internet DemonstrationBroadband
communications over 1000 times as fast as
standard 64K satellite service, operating at a
small fraction of the cost.
Range 300 Miles at 30,000 ft
45 Mbps
45 Mbps
Operations and Maintenance Engine
Monitoring Crew Communications Fault
Reporting Diversion Management Cabin Services
Internet Access Programming Distribution
Air Traffic Management System Capacity
(separation) Hazardous Weather Avoidance
Collaborative Decision Making Position
reporting Safety Security Transportation
Security Real Time Black Box Transmission Telemed
icine Weather
Applications
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Aerosat Airborne Internet Concept
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AeroSat - Airborne InternetNorth Atlantic Flights
Tues morning, 1000 am, flights to N. America
All aircraft with flight plans
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AeroSat - Airborne InternetNorth Atlantic Flights
Tues morning, 1000 am, 300 mile range ring
All aircraft with flight plans
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Initial Airborne Internet - PMEI

• Radios are based on ICAO standards
• Developed with a world-wide concept of operations
  in mind
• VHF, Multi-mode capable
• Peer-to-peer connectivity
• TCP/IP capable, includes ADS-B
• Usable by all aircraft, low cost

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Initial Airborne Internet - PMEI
Graphic courtesy of CNS Inc.
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PMEI VHF Airborne Internet Radios
PMEI Aircraft radios
OTE Ground Radio (software by PMEI)
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PMEI Multi-protocol radio (v5)
Supports COTS TCP/IP communication (Identical
external interfaces with prior VDL product
line) Built-in GPS engine Built-in TDMA RF
network synchronization access and ADS-B services
DSB/AM voice operations (optioned) Optioned
multi-channel (4 receive and 1 real-time
dynamically assignable transmitter) Ethernet
connectivity to airhost CPU
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FAA Tech CenterAirborne Internet Research Lab
and the Air Force AFCA

• Interagency Agreement signed Feb 2005
• Draft Implementation Plan now in progress
• Working with AFCA-Technology Directorate on A.I.
  development
• T.C. will do A.I. related work for AFCA
• On going dialogue and working relationship
• Introduced AFCA to the AIC

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INDUSTRY EFFORTS IN A.I. The Airborne Internet
Consortium

• Industry sponsored consortium to advance
  A.I./CIE
• Develop open standards, GSCs
• Industry funded, Govt can contribute
• Developed an A.I. Work Plan (30 Million)
• Public-private collaboration - 501(c)3
• United Airlines, Sun Microsystems, Aerosat, PMEI,
  CNS Inc., Mulkerin, Microflight, Boeing-ATM,
  Airbus
• Interest from ITT, Northrop Grumman,, NASA, FAA,
  ARINC, SITA, VA SATSLAB, Ohio Univ., and others

http//www.AirborneInternet.org
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AIC and Government Partnership
Partnership
Strategic Council
Federal
Airborne Internet Consortium
FAA AI Lab-Tech Ctr
Management Council

• PMEI
• Aerosat
• CNS
• Airlines
• Avionics
• Etc.

NASA-GRC
Systems Engineer Team
Tech Team 1
Tech Team X
Others
Flight Test Capabilities
Workplan
http//www.AirborneInternet.org
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Network In the Sky Every aircraft is a network
node
For more information Ralph Yost Research
Technology Division William J Hughes Technical
Center Atlantic City Airport, NJ 08405 (609)
485-5637 Ralph.Yost_at_faa.gov http//www.AirborneInt
ernet.com http//www.airborneinternet.net
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BACKUP SLIDES
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What is Link Independent ?
Various methods to maintain network connectivity
User Application 1
User Application 2
Application Link Analyzer (ALA)
User Application 3
User Application 4
User Application 5