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Imperialism

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Title: Imperialism


1
Imperialism
  • Chapter 11/ SOL 8 d e

2
Imperialism
  • By end of 1800s only a few European nations
    and the U.S. controlled nearly entire world

3
5 Major Factors
  • 5 Major factors that led to the race for Imperial
    colonies
  • 1. Raw Materials
  • 2. New Markets
  • 3. Nationalism
  • 4. Outlets for Population
  • 5. Missionary Motives

4
  • Raw Materials
  • Industrialization led to need for more raw
    materials

5
  • New Markets
  • Average worker could not afford products they
    were producing, so they needed new markets to buy
    surplus

6
  • Nationalism
  • European nations were competing and striving for
    strength and prestige

7
  • Outlets for Population
  • still allowed people to retain their citizenship
    allow the mother country to receive their
    taxes!!!

8
  • Missionary Motives
  • White Mans Burden
  • converting them to Christianity
  • introduced education, hygiene medical knowledge
  • it was their moral duty to change the natives
    make them more European

9
  • Berlin Conference
  • To prevent war
  • 1884-1885 to settle disputes over division of
    AfricaNO AFRICAN REPRESENTATIVE WAS PRESENT

10
How territory was gained
  • European first sent private citizens to make a
    claim there (merchants, traders, explorers)
  • As the natives resisted, Europeans sent military
    to protect the citizens

11
Types of foreign control
  • Colony
  • Protectorate
  • under total control of a foreign power
  • the foreign country is still running the govt
    and the economy

12
Types of foreign control cont
  • Condominium
  • Sphere of Influence
  • a region where two countries share a territory
  • Trading privileges

13
Types of foreign control cont
  • Direct Rule
  • Indirect Rule
  • Controlling all levels of government
  • locals hold lower govt positions

14
  • Paternalism
  • Governing as a parent!

15
North Africa
16
North Africa
  • One of first targetsdue to proximity to Europe
  • The French gained control of Tunisia by loaning
    them money that they knew they could not repay

17
North Africa cont
  • France got Morocco
  • Britain wanted to join in the conquest of North
    Africa

18
North Africa cont
  • French built the Suez Canal
  • Egypt purchased ½ of the stocks then sold them!

19
North Africa cont
  • The Sudan was Britains next target b/c they
    needed control of the Nile River
  • Britain France both wanted the Sudan estab. A
    condominium over it!

20
North Africa cont
  • Italy wanted Libya
  • The people of Libya hated Italian rule

http//www.unesco.org/water/ihp/prizes/great_man/i
mg/libya.gif
21
West Africa
22
West Africa
  • Dutch and Portuguese were the 1st Europeans to
    come in contact with West Africa

23
West Africa cont
  • French colonized a large portion of West Africa.
  • British also moved into interior portion of West
    Africa They claimed territory along the Niger
    River.

24
West Africa cont
  • By the early 1900s, all of West Africa except
    for Liberia had been claimed by Britain, France,
    Portugal, Germany and Spain.
  • Liberia was est. by freed slaves for the U.S.

http//i.cnn.net/cnn/2003/WORLD/africa/07/07/liber
ia/story.africa.liberia.map.gif
25
East Africa
26
East Africa
  • Slave raids had disrupted the political stability
    of the region and made it easier to invade.
  • Ethiopia only region in East Africa that did not
    succumb to foreign invasion
  • Fatal cattle disease killed 80 of the cattle,
    which led to widespread starvation

27
Central Africa
28
Central Africa
  • Dr. Livingstone explored the interior portion of
    Africa
  • 1st European to explore the Zaire River (Congo)
  • Henry Stanley (American) went to find him
    Stanley bumped into Livingstonefamous quote
    Dr. Livingstone, I presume

29
Central Africa cont
  • Leopold II (Belgium) purchased 900,000 sq miles
    (Congo)
  • Leopold practically depleted Congos entire
    rubber supply
  • After criticism, Leopold turned it over to
    Belgium govt

30
Central Africa cont
  • French also gained a piece of the Congo and
    stretched their empire to west coast when they
    acquired French Equatorial Africa

31
South Africa
32
South Africa
  • Boer War Btwn African British British won
    gained control of the Boer Republic
  • Boer Dutch Farmer AKA Afrikanerslanguage
    Afrikaans
  • Paternalism/Assimilation
  • British Used Indirect Rule because empire covered
    about ¼ of globe
  • The sun never sets on the British empire

33
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34
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35
Imperialism India
  • British took control of India
  • British East India Company controlled India
  • Sepoy Mutiny Indian revolt
  • British intro. Social reforms, educ, technology
  • Jewel of the British Empire
  • British remained until mid 1900s when Gandhi
    formed the Indian Natl Congress

36
Imperialism China
  • Had isolated themselves/restricted foreign trade
  • Balance of tradeChina
  • Europeanstrade deficitwanted free trade
  • Opium War 1839-1842, Chinese tried to halt the
    British from importing opium war! (British
    won)
  • Treaty of Nanking 1842 opened up 5 ports to
    British
  • Spheres of Influence outside powers claimed
    trading rights in China
  • Taiping Rebellion wanted to overthrow the Qing

37
Imperialism China
  • Open Door Policy USA 1899, John Hay trading
    rights for all nations
  • Boxer Rebellion Chinese uprising against foreign
    nations wanted to go back to isolationism!
    FAILED!!

38
Imperialism Japan
  • Isolationist!!!!
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