Psychological First Aid

1
Psychological First Aid
2
Symptoms and Psychological First AidPreschool
through Second Grade
Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
3
Symptoms and Psychological First AidPreschool
through Second Grade
Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
4
Symptoms and Psychological First AidThird
through Fifth Grade
Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
5
Symptoms and Psychological First AidThird
through Fifth Grade
Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
6
Symptoms and Psychological First AidThird
through Fifth Grade
Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
7
Symptoms and Psychological First AidAdolescents
(Sixth Grade and Up)
Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
8
Symptoms and Psychological First AidAdolescents
(Sixth Grade and Up)
Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
9
Initial ConsultationFirst Stage Opening

• Establish the focus
• Free drawing and storytelling
• Traumatic reference

Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
10
Initial ConsultationSecond Stage Trauma

• Reliving the experience
• - Emotional release
• - Reconstruction
• - Perceptual experience
• - Special detailing
• - Worst moment
• - Violence / physical mutilation

Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
11
Initial ConsultationSecond Stage Trauma

• Coping with the experience
• - Issues of human accountability
• - Inner plans of action
• - Punishment or retaliation
• - Fears of counter-retaliation
• - Challenge to childs impulse control
• - Influence of previous trauma
• - Traumatic dreams
• - Future orientation
• - Current Stresses

Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.
12
Initial ConsultationThird Stage Closure

• Recapitulation
• Underscore realistic fears
• Universalize the childs responses
• Describe expectable course
• Acknowledge childs courage in undertaking the
  interview
  
• Invite child critique of consultation
• Proper leave-taking

Adapted from Pynoos RS, Nader K (1988)
Psychological first aid and treatment approach to
children exposed to community violence Research
implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1
445-473.