Art

1
Art

• Art is the creation or expression of what is
  beautiful especially in visual form, something in
  which imagination and personal tastes are more
  important than exact measurement and calculation

2
Literature

• Literature is meant to instruct and delight
• 
  Aristotle and Dryden
• Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful
  feelings recollected in tranquility
  
• 
  Wordsworth
• For arts sake, I would not have toiled to write
  a single word.
• 
  Shaw
• It is turning off the personality
• 
  Eliot

3

• The artist, like the God of creation, remains
  within or behind or beyond his work, invisible,
  refined, out of existence, indifferent
• 
  Joyce
• Im not committed as a writer either
  religiously or politically. And Im not conscious
  of any particular social function
• 
  Pinter
• Lit. is the humanization of the whole world
• 
  Goethe

4

• Comes from oral (long) tradition
• Initially the emphasis was on God, His
  preachings, moral values
• Adherence to good values
• To show heroic spirit
• Vague glimpses of lifes possibilities
• 
  Richard Wright

5

• To understand and appreciate
• To analyze, compare, classify, define concepts
• To defend critical position
• Good lit. reflects the human condition in
  relation to - self, family, friends, duties,
  society, mankind, cosmic design

6

• A work of fiction
• Character
• Plot
• Setting
• Point of view
• Symbols (sometimes)

7

• Tells a story of human experience anguish,
  troubles, grief universal that belongs to no
  race, time or condition
• In this depiction, have unaccountable beauty of
  the intricacies or simple elegance
• Highlights those aspects of novelty about which
  we are ignorant
• The emphasis may be on external or internal
  tussle
• A unique combination of facts and fancy

8

• To read interpret spirit of age, ideals of a
  nation from simple to complex
• Delights of lit.
• Instruments of enjoyment, inspiration
• A book not a catechism but a storehouse
• Impression profound
• Ineffable thoughts and feelings
• Own taste pleased and satisfied
• Not only to instruct but also to inspire, allure
  readers
• All beings alike
• Loving, bearing the same burden, enjoying the
  same pleasures

9

• Two aspects
• Simple enjoyment and appreciation
• To enter and enjoy the new world
• Analysis and exact description
• To analyze and explain - less joyous but still
  imp. Matter
• Lit. preserves
• The ideals
• Love, faith, duty, friendship, freedom, reverence
• Everything that is based on ideals

10

• Object in studying lit.
• Pleasure of reading
• Entering into a new world
• Imagination quickened
• To know men (his soul rather than his action)
• Dual nature inward, outward
• What they say, how they thought and felt, how
  looked at life or death, what they loved, feared,
  what they revered in God and man
• Not only a doer of deeds but dreamer of dreams
• If beings like ourselves, feel vicarious pleasure

11

• Qualities of literature
• Artistic
• Suggestive
• Permanent
• Universality
• Style

12
Artistic

• All art an expression of life in forms of truth
  and beauty
• Remain unnoticed unless brought to out attention
  by sensitive human soul
• A poet looks deeper, sees truth and beauty where
  others see only dead grass
• In some pleasing, surprising way, all artistic
  work must be kind of revelation
• Lit. artistic record of life
• Beauty of expression

13
Suggestive

• Appeals to emotions and imagination rather than
  intellect
• Not to instruct but to delight

14
Permanent

• Doesnt let anything beautiful thing perish
  song, sculpture, painting, etc.
• Lit. like a river in flood
• Gradually purifies itself in two ways
• The mud settles to the bottom
• The scum rises to the top

15
Universality

• Appeal to the widest interests and the simplest
  human emotions
• Occupied chiefly with elementary passions and
  emotions love-hate, joy-sorrow, fear-faith
  essential part of human nature
• Reflects these emotions surely does awaken a
  response in being of every race
• Oedipus, King Lear parents-children only by
  appealing to universal interest - permanent

16
Style

• The adequate expression of thought
• Personal tinge likely to be there

17
Tone

• Ironical
• Shakespeare, Marlowe, Eliot, ONeill
• Pessimistic
• Hardy, Romantics, Realists, Naturalists
• Challenging Philosophical
• Ibsen, Shaw, Morrison, Osborne
• Mystical
• Blake, Whitman

18

• Didactic
• Milton, Browning
• Satirical
• Pope, Dryden, Jonson, Orwell
• Humorous
• Dickens, Wodehouse, Bond
• Dreamy
• Woolf, Joyce, Faulkner, Lawrence Subtle
• Aloof
• Beckett, Pinter, Arundhati, Ionesco, Atwood,
  Narayan, Larkin

19
Point of View/Role

• Optimist
• Browning
• Entertainer
• Congreve
• Philosopher
• Bacon
• Outsider
• Post modernists
• Psychologist
• Auden, Lawrence, Woolf, Faulkner

• Preacher
• Milton
• Critic
• Pope
• Iconoclast
• Shaw
• Friend
• Lamb
• Pessimist
• Hardy, Romantics
• Objective analyst
• Shakespeare

20
Social Satires

• The Rape of the Lock
• Pope
• Absalom and Archetypal
• Dryden
• The Battle of Books
• Swift
• Vanity Fair
• Thackeray
• Animal Farm
• Orwell
• Spectator
• Addison and Steele

21
Social Realism

• Great Expectations, Oliver Twist
• Dickens
• Tess of DUrbervilles
• Hardy
• The Untouchable, Coolie, Two Leaves and a Bud
• Anand

22
Psychological (Social) Realism

• A Dolls House
• Ibsen
• Candida, Arms and the Man
• Shaw (iconoclast)
• Death of a Salesman
• Miller (Expressionist)
• The Glass Menagerie
• Williams (Expressionist)
• The Hairy Ape
• ONeill (Expressionist)

23
Psychological (Social) Realism

• The Scarlet Letter
• Hawthorne
• Look Back in Anger
• Osborne
• Beloved
• Morrison
• Cry, the Peacock
• Anita Desai
• Difficult Daughters
• Manju Kapur

24
Human Condition

• Eliot
• The Waste Land
• Virginia Woolf
• Mrs. Dalloway
• William Faulkner
• The Sound and the Fury
• Arundhati
• The God of Small Things

25

• Atwood
• Blind Assassin
• Narayan
• The Guide
• Lawrence
• Sons and Lovers
• Hemmingway
• A Farewell to Arms

26
Absurd Human Condition

• Samuel Beckett
• Waiting for Godot, Endgame, Krapps Last Tape
• Harold Pinter
• The Birthday Party, The Homecoming, A Slight
  Ache, The Room
• Thorton Wild
• Jean Genet
• Arthur Adamov
• 
  Absurdists

27
Old Times/Bald Prima Donna

• Kafka
• Sartre
• Jack, Rhinoceros
• Camus
• How to Get Rid of it?, The Skin of our Tooth, The
  Town
• Existentialists