International law and the Environment

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International law and the Environment

• Lecture 33
• April 13

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ASSIGNMENTS

• Wednesday, April 15
• Student Presentations
• Climate Change Legal Regimes http//unfccc.int/
• http//unfccc.int/resource/convkp.html
• MUST READ not in textbook just note 9 on
  page 654
• 1.- UNFCCC 2.- Kyoto Protocol
• Guide http//unfccc.int/resource/docs/publicatio
  ns/guideprocess-p.pdf
• 2007 - http//unfccc.int/resource/docs/publicati
  ons/unitingonclimate_eng.pdf
• Kyoto http//unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/283
  0.php
• Thomas Friedman The Power of Green
  http//www.iht.com/articles/2007/04/15/opinion/web
  -0415edgreen-full.php
• WHAT ARE THE KYOTO PROTOCOL MECHANISMS?
• FCQ April 20
• Quiz-5 April 22
• Review April 29
• Final exam May 4, 430-7pm, HUMN 1B50

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PresentationsWednesday, April 15

• Margaret Linn - ICC
• Omotayo Adeeko Intl. criminals, their crimes,
  and the Trial that should follow
• Nathalie Roach Human Rights

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PresentationsFriday, April 17

• Chris Choe North Korean Human Rights
• Alex Umbhan International Environmental Law
• Joshuah Lisk Universal Declaration of Human
  Rights

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Student Presentations

• Attendance is compulsory
• Attendance sheet will be sent around randomly
• Exam questions are possible from the
  presentations
• Use other sources (internet google.com) to
  read up on areas that are being presented (topics
  will be posted the previous class)
• -HAVE YOUR QUESTIONS READY FOR THE PRESENTERS

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Presentations

• E-mail me your title, your name, and 3 main
  points 2 days before your presentation
• amhalvorss_at_aol.com
• - 5-10 minutes, succinct, write 3 main points on
  blackboard, no reading of papers- only notes
• - If you like, you can e-mail me a power-point
  presentation 2 days before your presentation
  which I can put on my computer

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Climate Change The Science

• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
  4th Report, Nov. 17, 2007 human activities are
  responsible for global warming, not natural
  climatic fluctuations, Report of the February 2,
  2007
• The likely impacts of climate change include more
  frequent severe storms and droughts, sea level
  rise, ice cap and glacier melt, large-scale
  species extinctions, spread of disease carriers
  (of malaria, etc.) to more northernly latitudes,
  and millions of refugees - environmental refugees
  by 2050

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IPCC

• The IPCC was established to provide the
  decision-makers with an objective source of
  information about climate change. The IPCC does
  not conduct any research nor does it monitor
  climate related data or parameters. Its role is
  to assess on a comprehensive, objective, open and
  transparent basis the latest scientific,
  technical and socio-economic literature produced
  worldwide relevant to the understanding of the
  risk of human-induced climate change, its
  observed and projected impacts and options for
  adaptation and mitigation.
• Established by UNEP and WMO Governments which
  are member countries of WMO and UNEP, participate
  in plenary Sessions of the IPCC where main
  decisions about the IPCC workprogramme are taken
  and reports are accepted, adopted and approved.
  They also participate the review of IPCC Reports.
  
• The scientists hundreds of scientists all over
  the world contribute to the work of the IPCC as
  authors, contributors and reviewers.

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CLIMATE CHANGE- the Science

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Who are the Annex I Parties?

• A. The fast growing developing countries
• B. The OECD countries
• C. The industrialized countries

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2. UNFCCC adopted 1992192 State Parties

• A. Objective - Article 2 achieve stabilization
  of atmospheric concentrations of GHG
• B. Principles Sustainable development Art.3(4)
  
• Precautionary measures Art.3(3)
• Common, but differentiated responsibilities -
  equity Art.3(1)
• C. Commitments - Article 4(1) all Parties develop
  national inventories of anthropogenic emissions
  and measures to mitigate climate change
• D. Industrialized states to take the lead in
  reducing GHG emissions
• Art. 4(2) (a) (b) just aim Annex I
  (industrialized) Parties - return GHG
  emissions to 1990 levels by 2000 (non-binding
  commitments)

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2. UNFCCC (continued)

• E. Reporting requirement Art.12 (binding
  commitments) -
• Annex I Parties (industrialized countries)
• and non-Annex I Parties (developing countries)
• F. Financial mechanism Art.11 for technology
  transfer
• Art. 21 Global Environment Facility (GEF)
• Art.4(3) Annex II (OECD countries) provide new
  and additional financial resources
• G. Institutions Conference of the Parties (COP)
  Art. 7 Secretariat Art.8 Subsidiary Body for
  Scientific and Technical Advice Art.9
  Subsidiary Body for Implementation Art.10
• H. Art.4(2)(d) Review the adequacy COP-1 Berlin
  Mandate (1995) more action needed to be taken
  developed countries take the lead resulted in
  binding reduction commitments in

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3. The Kyoto Protocol- Only just getting started

• 184 Parties
• A. Adopted in 1997 at COP-3
• B. Kyoto Protocol Art.3 Core commitment
  Annex I Parties reduce overall GHG emission
  (listed in Annex A) by 5 below the 1990 level in
  the first commitment period 2008-2012 (specified
  in Annex B)
• C. Art. 3(9) and Art.9 review of Protocol,
• D. Art. 10 reaffirms commitments of all Parties
  in UNFCCC, Art.4(1) commitment to produce
  national inventories of GHGs, keeping in mind
  Annex II Parties commitment to provide financial
  resources and transfer of, or access to
  environmentally sound technology to developing
  countries
• E. Art.11 financing by Annex II countries
  (OECD),

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China and India are parties to

• A. The UNFCCC
• B. The Kyoto Protocol
• C. None of the above
• D. Both A. and C.

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The CDM

• A. Is the latest version of the DVD for the HDTV
• B. Is the only market mechanism that takes place
  in developing countries
• C. Specifically is designed to promote
  sustainable development in developing countries.
• D. Both B. and C.

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3. The Kyoto Protocol (continued)

• F. Institutions Art.13 COP serving as meeting
  of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (COP/MOP) ,
  Art.14 - Secretariat, Art.15 - Subsidiary bodies
  (same as in UNFCCC)
• G. The Kyoto Mechanisms flexible market-base
  mechanisms
• Art. 6 joint implementation
• Art.12 clean development mechanism,
• Art. 17 emissions trading
• H. Article 18 Non-compliance mechanism
• I. Article 25 - Entry into Force February 16,
  2005
• J. Marrakesh Accords at COP-7 (2001)
  operationalized Kyoto Protocol

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Bali Conference 2007 COP15

• Bali Roadmap 2007
• Copenhagen 2009
• New treaty
• Two tracks to get there
• - UNFCCC 4(2)(d) and 7(2)(a)
• - Kyoto Protocol Art.3(9) and Art.9(1)