Nationalism Ascendant: Romanticism

1
Nationalism AscendantRomanticism

• Alex
• Reuben
• Kevin
• Edan
• Meghan

2
What is Transcendentalism?

• A movement started by American authors to define
  themselves
• Had achieved political independence, but now
  wanted literary independence
• Believed in freedom and knowledge for all
• Turning point Civil war inspired many of the
  authors
• Started theme of American nationalism
• Writers started to focus on nature and American
  scenes, rather than those of
• Europe

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Nathaniel Hawthorne

• 1804 - 1864

(Reuben)
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Background Information

• Born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts from a long
  line of Puritans
• Experienced tragedy early in life
• Father died on an ocean voyage
• Became one of the most
• famous writers of his time
• for his romantic novels that
• explored human nature

(Soylent Communications)
5
The Scarlet Letter (1850)

• Tells the story of a woman whose secret lover is
  a minister of gospel in Puritan Boston
• Any adulteress is made to wear the letter A on
  her clothing for her sin
• Dealt with the exploration of sin and repentance

(Fantastic Fiction)
6
The Marble Faun (1860)

• Tells the story of four artists who witness a
  murder in Rome
• Takes place in a romantic setting, and deals with
  concepts such as love
• and misery
• Recognition of evil and
• the idea of past vs. present

(Advameg, Inc.)
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Nationalism

• Hawthornes romantic writings helped form an
  emerging era
• Works reflected the belief of transcendentalism
• Urged nonconformity and questioned the integrity
  of humanity
• Works contributed to the quest for independence
• Advocated self reliance
• Shaped the nations identity
• Promoted idealism and psychological thought

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Oliver Wendell Holmes

• 1809-1894

(Wikipedia)
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Background Information

• Born in Massachusetts in 1809
• Was a physician and a professor at Harvard
  University
• Well known for his poetry
• Wrote on many different topics
• Became well-known for patriotic
• writing
• During the Civil War
• He changed from a conservative
• poet to a radical patriot

(Cazalet)
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Brother Jonathans Lament for Sister Caroline
(1861)

• A patriotic writing
• Discusses the Civil War and the splitting of
  South Carolina
• Holmes did not want the nation to break apart
• Hoped the Carolinas would once again join the
  nation
• Significance
• Showed his support of the nation
• Expressed his faith and and hope that the United
  States would soon reunite.

(Code Network Media Group)
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Old Ironsides (1830)

• A poem about the decommission of the U.S.S.
  Constitution
• U.S.S. Constitution was vital during the War of
  1812
• Used a simple object that everyone could relate
  to
• Was a symbol of nationalism
• Used reverse psychology to
• show its importance
• Significance
• Brought the nation together
• Put in a museum in 1930

(Roach)
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Nationalism

• Holmess writing style changed during the Civil
  War
• Wrote many patriotic poems to promote nationalism
• Holmes supported the nation as a whole
• Known as an American Patriot
• Themes of nationalism can be
• seen in many of his poems

(Matheson)
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Washington Irving

• 1783 - 1859

(Wikipedia)
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Background Information

• Born to a family of merchants in Manhattan in
  1783
• Served in the War of 1812
• Moved to Europe in 1815 to salvage merchant
  business
• Returned to the United States
• in 1832
• Became a diplomat and a
• writer

(Wikipedia)
15
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820)

• Explores the story of Ichabod Crane as he is
  pursued by a ghost of the American Revolution
• Hints that the nations history still closely
  follows its citizens
• Expresses a major theme in the battle between
  civilization and
• wilderness.
• Explains that there is almost
• never a balance between
• the two

(Holodook)
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Rip Van Winkle (1819)

• The main character goes from living as a subject
  of King George III to becoming an American
• Explores the changes that take
• place after the American
• Revolution
• Expresses the ideas that, though
• continuity is necessary, drastic
• changes are vital for a
• society to grow

(Holodook)
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Nationalism

• Irving wrote many famous American works
• Contributed to Americas growing library
• Discussed internal and external conflicts
• Internal the growing nation
• External the struggle of people vs. environment
• Influenced future American
• writers, such as Edgar Allen Poe

(Washington Irving Trail Museum)
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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

• 1807 - 1882

(Rabe)
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Background Information

• Born in 1807 in present-day Maine
• Attended Bowdoin College
• Was a foreign languages professor
• Published books on grammar and
• poetry
• Included some of his Puritan beliefs
• in his work
• Set an example for how professors
• should carry out the educational
• system

(Drane)
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A Psalm of Life (1825)

• Written the same year Longfellow graduated
• Was a religious poem
• Encourages one to leave
• their mark on the world
• Persuades that one should
• not live in the past

(Poet Seers)
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Evangeline (1847)

• Explores the life of two Acadians during their
  move from Canada to the colonies
• Due to his teachings of French grammar,
  Longfellow enjoyed writing about the lives of the
  Acadians as they lived in
• North America
• Was set to take place before the
• American Revolution

(Doucette)
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Nationalism
(Advameg, Inc.)

• Longfellow printed some of the first American
  textbooks on foreign languages
• Set a precedent for future scholars
• His works reminded Americans why and how their
  country was founded
• Paul Reveres Ride (1860)

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Conclusion

• Writers of the 19th century greatly contributed
  to Americas newfound nationality
• Nathaniel Hawthorne
• Explored human nature
• Oliver Wendell Holmes
• Explored patriotism
• Washington Irving
• Explored innocence and adventure
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
• Explored the history of the country
• and published American textbooks

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Works Cited
(Information)

• Gollin, Rita K. Nathaniel Hawthorne. 02
  October 2007. http//college.hmco.com/english/he
  ath/syllabuild/iguide/hawthorn.html.
• Hollander, John. American Poetry The Nineteenth
  Century. Vol. 1. New York Literary Classics of
  the United States, Inc., 1993.
• Holmes, Oliver W. Grandmother's Story and Other
  Poems. New York Houghton, Mifflin and Company,
  1883.
• Holmes, Oliver W. "Old Ironsides." Legal
  Launguage Serivces. 2007. 6 Oct. 2007
  http//www.legallanguage.com/poems/OldIronsides.
  htm.
• Hoyt, Edwin P. The Improper Bostonian Dr. Oliver
  Wendell Holmes. New York William Morrow and
  Company, 1979.
• Lewis, Jone J. "What is Transcendentalism?"
  Transcendentalists. 2007. 7 Oct. 2007.
  http//www.transcendentalists.com/what.htm.
• Merriman, C.D. "Oliver Wendell Holmes." The
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  http//www.online-literature.com/oliver-holmes/.
• Merriman, C.D. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The
  Literature Network. 02 October 2007.
  http//www.online-literature.com/hawthorne/.
• Hess, Gary R. "Oliver Wendell Holmes Biography -
  Poems." Poem of Quotes. 2004. Poem of Quotes. 2
  Oct. 2007 http//www.poemofquotes.com
• Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. Poems and Other
  Writings. New York Literary Classics of the
  United States, Inc., 2000.
• Rabe, Roberto. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. My
  Bookshelf. Roberto Rabe. 2007. Eclectic
  Esoterica. http//eclecticesoterica.com/longfell
  ow_bio.html.
• Robinson, Dennis J. "The Poem That Saved Old
  Ironsides." SeacoastNH. 1998. 2 Oct. 2007.
  http//seacoastnh.com/Maritime_History/Old_Ironsi
  des/.
• Wagenknecht, Edward. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
  His Poetry and Prose. New York The Ungar
  Publishing Company, 1986.
• Williams, Stanley T. The Complete Works of
  Washington Irving. 1935. www.hudsonvalley.org.

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Works Cited
(Pictures)

• Advameg, Inc. Encyclopedia of World Biography
  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Advameg, Inc.
  2007. http//www.notablebiographies.com/Lo-Ma/Lon
  gfellow-Henry- Wadsworth.html.
• Cazalet, Sylvain. Homeopathy and Its Kindred
  Delusions Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes. 4 Oct.
  2007. http//homeoint.org/cazalet/holmes/index.h
  tm.
• Code Network Media Group. Map of South Carolina.
  6 Oct. 2007. http//www.map-ofusa.co.uk/images/s
  outh- carolina.gif.
• Doucette, John. Longfellows Evangeline. John
  Doucette. July 18, 2005. http//www.john.doucet
  te.com/acadian/longfellow-evangeline.html.
• Drane, Andrew. Poets of Cambridge, U.S.A. Henry
  Wadsworth Longfellow. Harvard Square Library.
  2006. http//www.celebrateboston.com/literature/
  brahminpoets/longfellow.htm.
• Fantastic Fiction. The Scarlet Letter.
  Fantastic Fiction. 2007. http//www.fantasticfic
  tion.co. uk/images/n0/n599.jpg.
• Holodook, Joseph. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
  http//www.porterfieldsfineart.com/josephholodook
  /theheadlesshorseman.htm.
• Matheson, Allen. American Flag. 6 Oct. 2007.
  http//photohome.com/pictures/flag- pictures/ameri
  can-flag- 2a.jpg.
• Poet Seers. Poet Seers Henry Wadsworth
  Longfellow. Poet Seers. www.poetseers.org/.../lo
  ngfellow_poems.
• Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 3 Nineteenth Century
  to 1865 - Nathaniel Hawthorne." PAL
  Perspectives in American Literature- A Research
  and Reference Guide. 2007. http//web.csustan.e
  du/english/reuben/pal/chap3/hawthorne.html.
• Roach, John C. USS Constitution. 6 Oct. 2007.
  http//www.polkcounty.org/timonier/images/3mast.j
  pg.
• Soylent Communications. Nathaniel Hawthorne.
  Soylent Communications. 2007.
  www.nndb.com/people/880/000031787/.
• Washington Irving Trail Museum. Washington
  Irving. http//www.cowboy.net/non-profit/irving/.
  
• Wikipedia. Oliver Wendell Holmes (1894). 6 Oct.
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