Development through Entrepreneurship: Thoughts on the Journey so far

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Development through Entrepreneurship Thoughts on
the Journey so far
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Professor David Brooksbank

• Director of Enterprise
• Cardiff School of Management

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Entrepreneurship Policy
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THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP ACTION PLAN FOR WALES
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Why Develop Entrepreneurship?

• A persistent gap between the levels of prosperity
  in Wales compared with those of the UK.
• GDP per head in Wales is 82.4 of the EU average,
  but in some parts of the country it is below 70.
• Wales has the second lowest weekly earnings in
  the UK
• The birth rate of new businesses in Wales
  compared to the existing stock of business was at
  least 30 behind the UK.
• Wales loses businesses at a faster rate than the
  UK .

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Why Develop an Enterprise Strategy?

• No overall entrepreneurship strategy to ensure an
  integrated approach to the delivery of such
  initiatives
• Low perception of opportunities for new start-ups
  among the general public
• Little incentive to encourage enterprising
  behaviour
• Limited entrepreneurial education and training
• Funding for business support initiatives was
  short term without co-ordinated dissemination of
  best practice
• Business support services were fragmented and had
  limited entrepreneurial content
• There was no consistency of monitoring or
  assessment of impact of initiatives across Wales

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The Entrepreneurial Pathway
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Recognising the Opportunity

• THE CHALLENGE
• To create a greater awareness of the
  opportunities and rewards of entrepreneurship in
  order to encourage more people to start a
  business or to grow the business they are in, and
  to develop a greater entrepreneurial culture
  within our institutions, communities and
  businesses.

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Where are we?

• Only 4 of a recent poll of 1,000 adults in Wales
  described themselves as an entrepreneur
• Only one in eight adults in Wales know an
  entrepreneur personally and one in five would
  like to be an entrepreneur
• Richard Branson was named by over 30 as the most
  famous entrepreneur. Terry Matthews was the only
  Welsh person mentioned, but by less than 1. The
  only women named were Anita Roddick and Linda
  McCartney
• Reasons for people not wishing to become an
  entrepreneur were, Im too old, its too
  stressful, too risky, and finally Im not
  made that way.

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Where do we want to be?

• Need to raise the understanding of
  entrepreneurship and foster a culture of
  creativity, opportunity and entrepreneurship as
  being the norm and a positive life-option within
  Welsh society.
• Wales needs to create an environment where,
  through the right support and encouragement, all
  people have equal opportunity to become
  entrepreneurs.
• Entrepreneurial education programmes should be
  seen as a fundamental part of the development of
  an entrepreneurship culture.
• Community enterprises should be fostered to act
  as a bridge for those in disadvantaged areas to
  return into mainstream economic activity.

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How do we get there?

• To change attitudes in Wales towards
  entrepreneurship by a continuous National
  Awareness Campaign, presenting business and
  entrepreneurship as positive life-options
• Embed entrepreneurship education throughout the
  whole educational process
• Widen the horizons of potential and actual Welsh
  entrepreneurs, exposing them to new ideas and
  opportunities and giving them the opportunity to
  taste entrepreneurship.
• Stimulate entrepreneurial behaviour within local
  communities throughout Wales, encouraging
  participation from all parts of society.

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Creating the Enterprise

• THE CHALLENGE
• To create a greater number of sustainable
  start-up businesses in Wales with potential for
  further growth, particularly by under-represented
  groups of society such as women, the young, Welsh
  language speakers, ethnic minorities and retired
  workers.

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Going for Growth

• THE CHALLENGE
• To increase the number of small businesses in
  Wales that grow, thereby creating wealth,
  employment and opportunity

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Entrepreneurship Policy

• UK Action Plan
• EU Green Paper
• Etc.

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Entrepreneurship
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Entrepreneurship Reality
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• NEW BUSINESSES CREATED IN WALES IN PAST 2 YEARS
• ART AND DESIGN - CREATE ART WORKS FOR BUSINESSES
  AND TAKE DESIGN CONTRACTS
• BED AND BREAKFAST
• REGISTERED CHILDMINDER.
• CHILD MINDER
• SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
• TRAINING IN BUSINESS AND LIFE SKILLS
• REPAIR HEAVY CONSTRUCTION PLANTS
• CATERING EQUIPMENT ADVISER
• INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL ADVISOR, BOTH TO BUSINESS
  AND PERSONAL
• ENTERTAINMENT PARTY ORGANISER
• PICTURE FRAMING RESTORING

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• UPHOLSTERY SERVICES
• GAS INDUSTRY FITTER
• HAIRDRESSER SALON
• PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT
• HAULAGE ROAD
• FURNITURE REMOVAL BUSINESS
• CHILDREN INDOOR PLAYGROUND
• PROFESSIONAL SERVICE MANAGEMENT SERVICES
• ONLINE COMMUNITY BUSINESS
• PRINTING BUSINESS, LOW VOLUME STATIONARY PRINTING
  BUISNESS CARDS AND LETTERHEADS
• RESTAURANT
• ITC SERVICE BUSINESS/REFREGERATOR REPAIR/
• ENERGY SURVEYS
• ANGLING SUPPLIES/ RETAIL.
• ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY
• DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC ASSEMBLY MACHINES E.G
  WEBDESIGN OF MOBILE PHONES
• RETAIL FRANCHISE BUSINESS

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• CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS PRACTICE
• TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
• BEAUTY BUSINESS, TANNING SALON
• ACCOUNTANCY FIRM
• SELLING AGENT SHE''S SELLING ANTIQUE FURNITURE
  WHOLESALE FOR SPECIFIC CLIENTS
• DRIVING INSTRUCTOR
• STOP MOTION ANIMATOR (E.G. WALLIS AND GROMMIT).
• LORRY DRIVING, CONCRETE DELIVERY
• CONSULTING ENGINEER IN ELECTRICAL DESIGN,
• CHILD MINDER FROM HOME
• FARMING BEEF ARABLE LAND
• ENGINEERING PRESSURE VESSELS
• FARMING, BUYING AND SELLING LIVESTOCK, SHEEP AND
  CATTLE.
• HARDWARE RETAIL COMPANY
• GROUND CARE MAINTENENCE
• HARDWARE (SELLING BUSINESS)
• PROPERTY INVESTMENT

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• EXPORT CONSULTANCY
• CONTRACT CLEANING-SERVICE INDUSTRY
• CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, PLASTERING CONTRACTS
  PLASTERS HOUSES AND FLATSS
• CONTRACTING, AGRICULTURE CONTRACTOR
• MOBILE HAIRDRESSINGANTIQUES/ANTIQUES DEALING//
• DISCOUNT REATILS IN ELECTRICALS AND HOUSEHOLD
  ITEMS RETAIL IN DISCOUNT ELECTRICALS AND
  HOUSEHOLD ITEMS
• HAIRDRESSER
• ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR
• MANAGMENT ACCOUNTANCY BUSINESS. PROVIDES A
  CONSULTANCY SERVICE''
• A PUB
• COOK SHOP, POTS AND PANS KITCHEN ACCESIRIES.
• HOTEL
• FIT GRAB RAILS AND RAMPING FOR DISABLED
• TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT FOR THE FORESTRY INDUSTRY
• LAND MANAGEMENT
• RIDING STABLES

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• HUMAN RESOURCES CONSULTANCY, OFFERS HR ADVICE
  ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, MOSTLY WORK FOR LARGE
  BUSINESSES.
• PAINTING AND DECORATING
• MOBILE AUDIO RECORDING
• IT SUPPORT AND CONSULTANCY
• PUBLIC HOUSE
• AUTIONERING OF LIFE STOCK
• SPORTS RETAIL, IN PARTICULAR, SELLING
  SNOWBOARDING EQUIPMENT
• CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER
• INTERIOR DESIGNERS
• SOLICITORS PRACTICE
• VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONING
• CAFÉ
• SELLING ORAGNIC PRODUCTS HELATH CARE
• COMPUTER MAINTANCE
• MARKERTING MERCHANDISING GOODS TSHIRTS BRANDED
  GOODS SELLING
• TOWN PLANNING CONSULTANCY
• MUSIC LESSONS

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• GRAFFITI REMOVAL BUSINESS
• CHILD CARE
• INTERIOR CONTRACT/ CARPET AND FURINTUTRE
• HAIRDRESSING
• BED AND BREAKFAST
• PRIVATE PRACTICE COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPIST
• CATERING-SUPPLY OF FOODSTUFF.
• PUB RELATIONS AND MARKETING
• 3D GRAPHICS, GRAPHIC MEDIA, GRAPHIC DESIGN ARTIST
• CONSTRUCTION
• DOMESTIC FLOORING COMPANY
• ARTIST, LANDSCAPE, DESIGN, GALLERY COMMISHON
  FREELANCE ARTIST, SPECILISES IN LANDSCAPES, AND
  PRODUCES WORK FOR GALLERIES AND DOES COMMISSIONED
  PAINTINGS
• CONSULTANCY CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. WEBSITE FACE
  TO FACE NETWORKING
• NURSERY FOR PLANTS
• SATELITE AND AERIALS
• IT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY

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• MAGAZINE PUBLISHING BUSINESS
• RECRUITMENT
• STONE MASONARY
• MAGAZINE
• DECORATING COMPANY
• FARMING - ANIMALS
• STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
• LEASING AND FINANCING
• BUILDERS
• BUSINESS CONSULTING
• TV PRODUCTION COMPANY
• WASTE MANAGEMENT
• TOURIST ATTRACTION - FARM
• COMPUTER SERVICES
• HOTEL
• POTTERY
• AUTO ELECTRICAL

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• MARKETING CONSULTANCY
• BUILDER
• MORTAGE BROKERS
• NAIL TECHNICIAN
• IT SUPPORT FOR SMALL TO MEDIUM SIZED BUSINESSES
• FARMING
• AMUSEMENT CATERING
• BUILDING COMPANY
• HAULAGE
• CARPENTRY BUSINESS
• LETTING FLATS
• PHOTOGRAPHY DESIGN
• MOTOR RACING - BUILD AND HIRE OUT RACING CARS
• HAIRDRESSING
• CONSTRUCTION
• AGENCY FOR OPERA SINGERS, PROMOTE SHOWS SELLING
  TICKETS
• AGRICULTURE FARMERS COWS FOR MILK SHEEP FOR
  LAMB

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• SECURITY AND PROTECTION BUSINESS
• PAINTING AND DECORATING
• MANUFACTURE OF JOINERY PRODUCTS
• BUILDING NEW DEVELOPMENT
• FARMING
• MOTER MECHANIC
• SOLICITORS
• TRANSPORT SERVICE
• RETAIL BUSINESS- LEATHER GOODS RETAIL BUSINESS
• MARKETING AND INVESTIGATIONS COMPANY / PRIVATE
  INVESTIGATIONS FIRM
• GENERAL DOMESTIC BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
• HOLIDAY HOME
• EDUCATIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMPANY
• HAIRDRESSING BUSINESS
• MASSAGE PARLOUR
• TRAINING CONSULTANCY BUSINESS
• ADVERTISING SERVICE

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• SINGER FOR HIRE
• CHILDREN ENTERTAINMENT - MAGICIAN
• CHILDMINDER
• PRODUCT DESIGN
• HOMELOANS BUSINESS AND PERSONAL LOANS
• ACCOUTANCY SERVICES
• WATER TREATMENT
• ESTATE AGENTS - LETTINGS
• PUBLIC HOUSE, WITH FOOD
• CONSTRUCTION - SITE INVESTIGATION
• FREELANCE MUSICIAN
• TRANSLATION AGENCY
• CHILD MINDIND
• BRICK LAYER
• GARDEN BUSINESS - MAINTENANCE AND DESIGN
• ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS
• DATA RECOVERY SERVICES

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• ACCOUNTANCY
• A DANCING SCHOOL
• SERVICE PROVIDING HEALTH INFORMATION
• ACCOUNTANCY
• RETAIL SHOP/SELLING RECONDITIONED ELECTRICAL
  ITEMS/ANYTHING ELECTRIC
• PLUMBING
• COMPUTER REPAIR
• MINIBUS COMPANY
• RETAIL GOODS
• ARTIST
• TAXI
• IMPORTING ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (FOR RALLY
  CARS AND RACE CARS)
• BUILDING CONSULTANT/ BUILDING SURVEYOR
• PRODUCTION AND PUBLICATION OF TECHNICAL
  DOCUMENTS-HANDBOOKS,DATASHEETS,SPARES CATALOGUES
• MARKETING CONSULTANCY

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• DECORATING AND BULIDING CONTRACTORS, HOME
  IMPROVEMENTS
• MEDICAL, GENERAL PRACTICE.
• CARAVAN SITE - INHERITED - 30 CARAVANS
• ITC RESEARCH
• GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHY
• SOFTWARE AND WEB SERVICE AND NETWORKING IN
  COMPUTING. DESIGNERS AND TRAINERS
• FLOORING COMPANY
• JOINERY AND CABINET MAKING
• COFEE LOUNGE
• CONSULTANCY BUSINESS SERVICES
• LEISURE INDUSTRY PERSONAL TRAINER
• CARPENTER
• PLUMBING SERVICES
• PROPERTY RENOVATION AND REPAIR
• CLEANING SERVICE
• PHOTOGRAPER/PUBLISHER

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• SELL BLINDS
• CABINET MAKING/FURNITURE
• PROPERTY MANAGEMENT AND LEASING OF PROPERTIES
• PLASTERING
• IT TRAINING
• BUILDING COMPANY
• ARTS AND CRAFT MAKING AND SELLING ARTS AND CRAFT
• BOOK KEEPING AND ADMINISTRATION. MANUAL BOOK
  KEEPING. PRIMARILY FOR SMALL BUSINESSES.
• FREELANCE GEOLOGIST
• PARTY PLANNER
• ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS,WIRING BUILDING AND HOUSES
• GENERAL STORE, GROCERY SHOP, OFF LICENCE
• GENERAL BUILDING SERVICES
• CARPENTRY IN CONSRUCTION
• FARM, AGRICULTURE
• SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS

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Entrepreneurship
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COPIE Community of Practice Inclusive
Entrepreneurship
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The Problem COPIE addresses

• Disadvantaged groups face a wide range of
  barriers to entrepreneurship
• Existing policy on entrepreneurship often
  prioritises high-tech solutions
• There is a huge amount of good practice
• Some Member States have produced a comprehensive
  entrepreneurial ladder out of exclusion that
  works for all target groups

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The COPIE proposition

• To maximise the work of funders, practitioners
  and innovators of good practice
• Take lessons from EU programmes like Equal
• Develop ACTION PLANS for usable Entrepreneurship
  Policy

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Communities of practice

• A group of people who share a common concern, a
  set of problems or a passion about a topic and
  who deepen their knowledge and expertise by
  interacting on an ongoing basis
• Etienne Wenger

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Origins of the COPIE tool based approach

• Analysis of best practice using the
  entrepreneurial ladder out of exclusion
• Prowess flagship status assessment from UK
• Development of tool for DG Employment on policies
  measures for micro credit

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Look at experience of 8 target groups

• Formerly unemployed
• Women
• Migrants and ethnic minorities
• 50 plus
• Young people
• Under 30
• People with disabilities
• Social enterprises

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Four tables in the toolOne page per stakeholder

Who fills it in? How many questions?
Page 1 Experts 50
Page 2 Policy makers 30
Page 3 Business advisers 30
Page 4 Entrepreneurs 20
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Results of the European tool

• Rapid appraisal 4-6 weeks start to finish, 15
  minutes to 30 minutes
• Engages key stakeholders policy makers, business
  advisers, entrepreneurs
• Generates evidence and data on which to base
  policy dialogue and practical actions
• Comprehensive results that cover all target
  groups

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Regions using the COPIE tool

• Phase 1 January -May 2007
• UK Wales
• D Berlin Mitte
• ES Asturias
• B Flanders
• P Lisbon
• Phase 1.5 Summer 2007
• Ireland (Limerick, Longford, Dublin)

• Phase 2 December April 2008
• Es Basque Country
• Es Andalusia
• Es Extremadura
• D Rhineland Palatinate
• D Brandenburg
• Cz Ustecky
• Planned
• UK Northamptonshire (EM)
• UK Pendle (NW)
• It Venice
• It Torino

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Entrepreneurship

• Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful,
  committed citizens can change the world indeed,
  its the only thing that ever has.
• Margaret Mead

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Entrepreneurship
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