The Components of Teaching of Reading

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The Components ofTeaching of Reading

• Dr. Peterson

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Phonemic Awareness

• Definition
• The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate
  individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.
• Phonemes
• Smallest part of spoken language that makes a
  difference in the meaning of words.
• 41 phonemes
• Examples
• If (has two phonemes /I/ /f/)
• Check (has three phonemes /ch/ /e/ /k/

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Phonemic Awareness Includes

• Recognizing which words in a set of words begin
  with the same sound.
• Bell, boy, bat
• Isolating and saying the first or last sound in a
  word.
• Dog begins with the sound /d/
• Combining or blending the separate sounds in a
  word to say the word.
• /m/ /a/ /p/ map
• Breaking or segmenting a word into its separate
  sounds.
• Up /u/ /p/

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Phonics

• Definition
• Teaches children the relationships between the
  letters (graphemes) of written language and the
  individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken language.

A
apple
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Approaches to Phonics Instruction

• Synthetic phonics
• Convert letters or letter combinations into
  sounds, and then how to blend the sounds together
  to form recognizable words.
• Analytic phonics
• Analyze letter-sound relationships in previously
  learned words. They do not pronounce sounds in
  isolation.

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Approaches to Phonics Instruction

• Analogy-based phonics
• Use parts of word families they know to identify
  words they dont know that have similar parts.
• Phonics through spelling
• Segment words into phonemes to make words by
  writing letters for phonemes.

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Approaches to Phonics Instruction

• Embedded phonics
• Letter sound relationships taught during the
  reading of text.
• Onset-rime phonics instruction
• Identify the sound of the letter or letters
  before the first vowel (onset) in a one-syllable
  word and the sound of the remaining part of the
  word (rime).

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Onsets and Rimes

• Onsets
• Definition the consonant sound, if any, that
  precedes the rime.
• Rime
• Definition vowel and consonants that follow the
  onset.
• Example
• /b/ /-at/

Refer to page 155 in course text for 37 common
rimes.
Onset
Rime
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Consonants

• Phonemes are classified as either consonants or
  vowels.
• Consonants

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Vowels

• Remaining five letters
• A, E, I, O, U,
• Sometimes y
• Happy
• Baby
• Sometimes w (vowel combination)
• Bow
• Snow

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Phonics Generalizations

• Hard c cat
• Soft c cent

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Phonics Generalizations

• Hard G
• Game
• Soft G
• Giant

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Phonics Generalizations
car

• ar
• er
• ir
• or
• ur

sir
paper
turn
for
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Phonics Generalizations

• -igh
• When /gh/ follows /I/ the /I/ is long and the
  /gh/ is silent.
• Kn- and Wr-
• In words beginning with kn-
• and wr- the first letter is
• pronounced.

SHHH! Quiet!
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Phonics Generalizations

• CV these words have a long vowel sound.
• CVC these words have a short vowel sound.
• CVVC these words have the long vowel sound of
  the first vowel.
• CVCe these words have the long vowel sound of
  the middle vowel and the e is silent.

seat
so
met
me
take
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Vowel Digraph

• Combination of two or three vowels in the same
  syllable that make one single sound.
• Mail
• Heal
• Caught
• Drew

• Boot
• Cook
• Caught
• Few
• Cough
• Rough

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Vowel Diphthong

• Represented by two vowels in the same syllable
  that combine to make a sliding sound.
• Boil
• Boy
• Cow
• Couch

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Schwa Uh

• In multi-syllable words, often the unaccented
  syllable, contains a vowel sound that sounds like
  uh.
• Ability
• America
• Below
• Indelibly

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Consonant Digraph

• Combination of consonants that make a new
  consonant sound.
• th
• wh
• sh
• ch
• ph

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Consonant Blends

• Combination of consonants in which you hear both
  consonants.
• bl
• cl
• str
• dr

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Irregular

• Word that looks like it ought to fit a phonetic
  pattern, but sounds like something else.
• head
• have