PLANTS What you need to know'

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PLANTS What you need to know.
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To succeed in the SATs you must know the
following about plants The three main parts of a
plant Photosynthesis Flowers and
fertilisation Seed dispersal Pollination Condition
s for plants to grow Germination Lifecycle of a
plant
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Plants and trees have three main parts
1. Head/Leaves
2. Trunk (trees) or stem (flowers)
3. Roots
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Starting at the bottom ROOTS
This is the part of the plant that anchors
(fixes) it into the ground so that it doesn't
fall over. The roots also absorb water and
minerals from the soil.
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The water and nutrients are then transported up
through the roots.
Roots grow underground and seek out water and
nutrients.
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Stems have four main functions which are
The Stem / Trunk
1. Support for the leaves, flowers and fruits.
-Without the stem / trunk the plant would not
stand up against the wind and all of the leaves,
flowers and fruits would be stuck on the ground.
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The Stem / Trunk
2. The stem carries water and minerals from the
roots to these parts.
This is the part of the plant that links the
roots to the leaves and flowers.
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The Stem / Trunk
3. The stem allows access to sunlight The stem /
trunk pushes the leaves, fruits and flowers
towards the sunlight ready for photosynthesis
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The Stem / Trunk
4. The stem stores water and nutrients for the
plant to use later. -This is to you storing food
in your stomach.
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The head of the plant is often either
Leaves
or
Flowers
or both!
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The Leaf

• Catching and storing rain water
• Photosynthesis (Click here for an explanation)

Back to leaves and flowers
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Photosynthesis is when plants create oxygen so
that we can breathe! Its like a big
recipe. Ingredients Sunlight (caught by the
leaves), Water (caught by the roots and
leaves) Carbon Dioxide (a gas in the air caught
by the leaves) The plant takes these
ingredients and makes Oxygen (So that we can
breathe!) and Glucose (A sugary food that the
plant eats) Thats photosynthesis!
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS Just remember
CARBON DIOXIDE


(Gas)
(Water)
(Sunlight)

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Photosynthesis creates
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Back to leaves and flowers
GLUCOSE
OXYGEN
This is a sugary food that the plant eats. It is
the only living organism on this planet that
makes food for itself. This is why it is at the
beginning of every food chain!
This allows us all to breathe. Can you see why
plants are important now?
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Flowers
Stigma
Stamen
Petal
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To pollination
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Boys only!
Boys only!
The Stamen
The MALE side of the flower that grows pollen.
Boys only!
Boys only!
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Anther
Pollen pieces
Filament
The Stamen is the male part of a flower. Each
stamen generally has a stalk called the filament,
and, on top of the filament, an anther. The
anther holds lots of pollen.
Go back to flower
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The Stigma
Girls only
Girls only
The FEMALE part of the flower where the pollen
needs to get to!
Girls only
Girls only
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Style If pollen passes through the style and to
the ovary a seed will start to grow.
Go back to flower
Found in the middle of the flower the stigma is
sticky and catches pollen and is connected to a
tube called the style which leads downwards to
the plants ovary. If pollen enters into the ovary
a seed will start to grow. This is known as
fertilisation.
Stigma
Ovary
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Petals do a similar job to leaves. They catch
rain and sunlight. They are also bright sweetly
scented and attract insects to them.
Back to flower
Flower Petals
Continue
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SEED DISPERSAL
Seed dispersal happens when seeds are spread out
over a wide area so that all of the new plants
have enough room to grow.

• Seeds are dispersed (spread out) in four
  different ways
• Animals
• Explosion
• Water
• Wind

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Why is seed dispersal important for plants?
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Back to seed dispersal
Some seeds are dispersed by explosion. Peas have
a seedpod that dries and splits, flinging the
seeds over a wide area.
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Back to seed dispersal
Some seeds are dispersed by the wind. Grasses
have fine, light seeds with 'whiskers' that are
blown long distances by the wind.
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Back to seed dispersal
The seeds are dispersed by water. Coconuts have a
thick outer coat and are designed to float in
water
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The seeds are dispersed by animals. Seeds are
dropped far away from the parent bush.
Holly has brightly coloured fruit to attract
birds that eat them.
Some seeds stick onto passing animals and later
fall off.
Insects such as ants can carry seeds away from
trees.
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What if the seeds were not spread out?

• As plants grow above the ground so do the roots
  in the soil. This is not good for two reasons
• There will not be much space for the trees and
  their roots will become tangled.
• Each tree will be fighting for the water and
  nutrients in the soil. Most of the trees will not
  be able to find enough water and will starve.

Back to seed dispersal
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Pollination is where pollen travels from the
stamen to the stigma
Who helps flowers become pollinated?
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Some plants are pollinated by insects. The large
colourful petals and the nectar attract insects
to the flowers. The plant's pollen then sticks to
the insects and they carry it to the next plant
they visit.
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Leaves grow towards sunlight
-How a seed grows up to become a plant.
Stem develops
Seed
Roots develop
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Germination
A seed becoming a plant
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The life cycle of a plant
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Plants don't grow well if they don't get the
right raw materials.
If any of these raw materials are not included
the plant will turn yellow and then wilt and die.
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A plant is so clever it will grow to where ever
sunlight is.
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