HERPETOLOGY

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HERPETOLOGY

• Study of amphibians and reptiles

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CLASS AMPHIBIA

• Frogs / toads / salamanders / caecilians

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Three groups of Amphibians

• Frog and toads Tailless / moist skin
• Salamanders with tail
• Caecilians legless often blind

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Amphibian characteristics

• Must return to water to reproduce
• Moist / thin / porous skin
• Skin used for respiration
• Webbed feet
• carnivores

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Environmental role

• Indicators of the health of an ecosystem
• Affected by pollution due to porous skin

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Frog organ systems
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Circulatory system

• Transports nutrients and wastes
• 3 chambered heart
• 2 atria / one ventricle
• Closed circulatory system
• Blood stays within vessels

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Respiratory system

• Exchanges gases
• Gills as larva
• Lungs as adult
• Moist skin as adult

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Integumentary system

• Protects against pathogen
• permits respiration
• MOIST SKIN

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SKELETAL system

• Protection /support
• Skull / vertebrae
• NO ribs

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• Immune system protects against infection
• Muscular system provides movement

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• Endocrine system maintains homeostasis
  produces hormones

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Nervous system

• Receives stimuli and responds
• Brain / spinal column
• tympanic membrane
• Behind the eye
• Acts as eardrum

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Nictitating Membrane

• Transparent movable membrane
• Permits full vision
• Provides protection from
• debris/prey/dryness of air

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Digestive system

• Breaks down and absorbs food
• Sticky tongue
• Tongue attached to front of mandible

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small intestine liver
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Excretory system

• Filters wastes
• kidney

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Reproductive system

• Produces gametes
• External fertilization
• Sperm meets the egg outside the females body

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FROG REPRODUCTION

• AMPLEXUS
• Male squeezes female to release egg
• Male then releases sperm over eggs

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FROG REPRODUCTION

• ZYGOTE fertilized egg / single cell
• EMBRYO developing offspring
• TADPOLE hatches
• Fishlike frog young

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METAMORPHOSIS

• Developmental change
• The young does not look like the adult

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METAMORPHOSIS

• Tadpoles develop legs at 6 weeks
• Fully developed at 12 weeks
• Able to leave water