Shoot Insects

1
Shoot Insects Impacts and Host Relations Growth
Loss (Often has indirect consequences associates
with longer rotation) Malformation Often
perform better on vigorous hosts (Damage may be
increased by fertilization, irrigation)
2
Shoot Insects Native Species Coleoptera Lepidop
tera Introduced Species Coleoptera Pine Shoot
Beetle Lepidoptera European Pine Shoot
Moth Acquisition of an Introduced Pathogen by
Native Vectors
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White Pine Weevil
Native, Transcontinental Very important in
Northern Wisconsin Polyphagous Regional Variation
4
White Pine Weevil
Adults feed on cambium in spring Oviposit into
bark
Adults exit in fall Feed Overwinter in litter
Larvae tunnel in shoots
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White Pine Weevil
6
White Pine Weevil
Larval Tunneling
Exit Holes
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White Pine Weevil Injury to Spruce
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White Pine Weevil Management
Hardwood Cover Side Cover Advantages,
Disadvantages Pruning Selective removal,
thinning remove brood trees Resistance
breeding Must consider blister
rust Insecticides Timing
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Shoot Insects Native Species Coleoptera Lepidop
tera Pyralidae Dioryctria Torticidae
Eucosma Introduced Species Coleoptera Pine
Shoot Beetle Lepidoptera European Pine Shoot
Moth Acquisition of an Introduced Pathogen by
Native Vectors
10
Shoot Insects Native Species Coleoptera Lepidop
tera Introduced Species Coleoptera Pine Shoot
Beetle Lepidoptera European Pine Shoot
Moth Acquisition of an Introduced Pathogen by
Native Vectors
11
Pine Shoot Beetle Tomicus piniperda Coleoptera
Scolytidae
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Pine Shoot Beetle Adult
Overwinter in Stumps
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Pine Shoot Beetle Damage to Scots Pine in Sweden
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Pine Shoot Beetle Damage to Scots Pine in Sweden
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Management of Pine Shoot Beetle Quarantine Stump
removal during overwintering phase
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Shoot Moths (Dioryctria, Eucosma,
Rhyacionia) Primarily important in young pine
plantations Cause stunting and malformation Some
also attack cones Control moderate infestations
by sanitation Often require insecticide
treatments Pheromones available for monitoring
most species Varietal resistance Avoid excessive
fertilization or irrigation
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European Pine Shoot Moth Tortricidae Rhyaciona
buoliana
\
Northeastern US, Southern Canada, Lake States,
Pacific NW Southeastern Wisconsin (susceptible to
extreme cold)
Damage shoots, but Not Cones
Sapling stage (lt15)pines, especially red pine
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Dioryctria resinosella Red Pine Shoot Moth
Central Wisconsin Mature (30 - 40 yr. Pines)
Damage Buds and Cones
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Red Pine Shoot Moth
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Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Rhyacionia
frustrana Eastern, Central, Southern
States Broad host range All pines except
longleaf and white Zimmerman pine moth
Dioryctria zimmermani Western Pine Shoot Moth
Eucosma sonomana
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Shoot Insects Native Species Coleoptera Lepidop
tera Introduced Species Coleoptera Pine
Shoot Beetle Lepidoptera European Pine Shoot
Moth Pitch Canker Pathogen Vectored by Native
Beetles
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Pitch Canker in Pinus radiata, Monterey Pine
Fusarium circinatum
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Pitch Canker Damage to Monterey Pine in California
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Twig Beetles (Scolytidae Pityophthorus) Attracted
to Trees Infested with Fusarium circinatum