Clinical Classification

1
Clinical Classification

• Systemic (deep seated) mycoses
• Blastomycosis
• Coccidiomycosis
• Cryptococcosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Paracoccidiomycosis
• Sporotrichosis (rarely systemic usually
  subcutaneous)

2
Clinical classification subcutaneous

• See table 19-3, pg 986
• Relatively low virulence
• Access gained via traumatic implantation
• 3 groups - next page
• Subcutaneous
• dermis connective tissue? lymphatics?

3
Clinical Classification subcut

• Mycetoma (maduromycosis) tissue form is a
  grain (microcolony of hyphae), environmental
  form is a mould not dimorphic
• Chromoblastomycosis (Chromomycosis)
• a)chromo pigmented
• b)tissue form is a sclerotic body hard
• environmental form is a mould dimorphic
• Sporotrichosis single species. Dimorphic
  tissue form is a yeast, environmental form is a
  mould
• Debbie do they need to know these terms?

4
Clinical Classification cutaneous

• Lots of overlap here cutaneous vs superficial
  ???
• effect keratinized tissues epidermis and dermis
  of hair, skin, and nails
• Why they dont spread deeper? Mechanism
  uncertain
• Below is opposite of your book? Table 19-3
• Dermatophytoses (caused by one of three
  dermatophytes Microsporum species,
  Trichophyton species, and Epidermophyton
  floccosum)
• Dermatomycosis (caused by any fungus other than
  the dermatophytes)

5
Clinical Classification

• Superficial mycoses (affecting only the outermost
  surface of skin, hair, and nails)
• Black piedra hair shaft
• White piedra hair shaft
• Tinea nigra skin of the palms
• Tinea versicolor skin global, affects skin
  pigmentation light or dark patches
• Tinea unguium fungal infection around nails
• Onychomycosis similar to Tinea unguium
• Mycotic keratitis - affecting only the cornea of
  the eye

6
Clinical Classification

• Lame use of the term lame lame lame if all
  fungi are free-living then all are opportunistic.
  This is laziness and ignorance. I dont know
  what reasonable scientific explanation would make
  sense out of this.
• Opportunistic mycoses (the implication is that
  they may affect any part of the body)
• Aspergillosis
• Candidosis
• Geotrichosis
• Phaeohyphomycosis
• Hyalohyphomycosis
• Zygomycosis

7
Terminology and Characteristics

• Fungi do not possess chlorophyll (they are
  nonphotosynthetic)
• Fungi do not have roots, stems and leaves, but
• Fungi do require organic chemicals for their
  carbon and energy source (chemoheterotrophs)

8
Terminology and Characteristics

• Fungi can use non-living sources for carbon and
  energy (saprobes or saprophytes) or they can use
  living cells and tissue for carbon and energy
  (parasites or pathogens)
• Fungi can reproduce both sexually and/or
  asexually
• If fungi reproduce sexually they usually require
  two mating types called or - male vs female?

9
Terminology and Characteristics

• Most Fungi grow as one of two morphotypes yeast
  or molds
• Dimorphic fungi can have either yeast or mold
  forms depending environmental conditions
• They are yeast in vivo or in cultures that
  simulate the human body such as blood agar
  incubated at body temperature in CO2
• They are moulds in their natural environment
  outside the human body as well cultures that
  contain nutritionally poor media at room
  temperature

10
Characteristics of Yeasts

• Yeast are one-celled fungi that reproduce
  asexually by budding (blastoconidia) or sexually
  by ascospores or basidiospores
• If buds elongate and do not detach from their
  parent cell and they form chains of conidia
  resembling the hyphae of molds, these are called
  pseudohyphae see slide 24