GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL ESTIMATION USING ITS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM, ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL STANDARIZ

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GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL ESTIMATION USING ITS
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM, ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL
STANDARIZATION AGENCY OF INDONESIA
By Udibowo Ciptomulyono Senior Officer for
Primary Energy Management at State Owned
Electricity Corporation Ltd. (PLN) Jl. Trunojoyo
M I / 135 Jakarta 12160 INDONESIA Telephone
62.21 721122/7261875 Ext. 1212 Facsimile 62.21
7250593Email udibowo_at_pln.co.id
httpwww.pln.co.id
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CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Geothermal Potential No Recognize References
Oil and Gas Industry (CCOP)
Coal Mining Industry (USGS Bulletin 1450)
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POTENTIAL GEOTHERMAL STANDARIZATION

• Institutional Publisher National Standarization
  of Indonesia (Badan Standarisasi Nasional
  Indonesia)
• Initiator Concerned Communities, (Geothermal
  Community,) Established since 1994
• Title
• 1. Geothermal Energy Potential Classification of
  Indonesia (SNI 13-5012- 1998, ICS 73.020)
• 2. Estimation Method for Geothermal Energy
  Potential of Indonesia (SNI 13-6171-1999, ICS
  73.020)
• Purpose
• - common understanding
• - compare resources data effectively
• - definitive
• - broadly applicable
• Output
• - Classification System and Energy Potential
  Estimation

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INDONESIA ARCHIPELAGOS

• 95 - 141º East Longitudes, 6º North - 11º South
  latitudes.
• More than 17,000 islands, more than 5,000 Km span
• Mediterranean and Pacific Volcanic Belts Ring
  of Fires
• Geothermal Distribution Map

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US-DOE GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT PHASES

• US-Department of Energy (1995) describes a
  geothermal development phases into several
  activities as describe as follows
• (1) Reconnaissance do geological, geochemical,
  20 sites
• (2) Discovery drill 1 to 4 deep holes at best
  site (5 sites) to find hot fluid. Do initial
  flow tests.
• (3) Confirmation drill more deep wells to prove
  field can support the application More flow
  tests.
• (4) Design design and cost plant and field to
  allow cost are higher for the first plant at a
  new site.
• (5a) Production drilling drill production and
  injection wells.
• (5b) Plant construction build the plant.
• (6) Operation operate and maintain system.
  Drill replacement wells as needed.

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PRACTICAL PROCEDURE INDONESIA DEVELOPMENT PHASES

• (1) Reconnaissance / preliminary exploration
  desk study and do a geological mapping and
  geochemical preliminary investigation. Resulting
  reconnaissance geological map, distribution of
  geothermal manifestations, surface and subsurface
  temperatures and other parameters.
• (2) Advance reconnaissance / advance preliminary
  exploration do geological, satellite imagery
  geochemical and geophysical surveys and.
  Resulting geological map, chemical and fluid
  anomaly and geophysical and hydrogeological maps.
• (3) Detail exploration integrated geoscientific
  survey, geological map (1 5,000), geochemical
  surveys, and geophysical survey and thermal
  gradient wells. These gradient wells provide the
  first, strong and direct evidence of the location
  and intensity of thermal energy
• (4) Exploratory drilling (wildcat) drilled in a
  news geothermal prospect which has important
  repercussions, its allows collection of all type
  geologic, chemical, physical and reservoir
  related information. Its success or failure will
  strongly influence commitment funding for further
  works, the phases of this assessment refers to
  prefeasibility study stage,
• (5) Delineating drillings drilled in a
  triangular arrangement to access three
  dimensional data interpretation for the
  confirmation purposes including carefully tested
  to determine their suitability as production or
  injection wells. Its accumulated data could
  access the feasibility analysis, this feasibility
  study phase is the milestone for the construction
  funding, as the financial confirmation depending
  on this analysis.
• (6) Development drillings drilled a number of
  production wells to produce the quantity of
  energy needed to full fill power plant
  requirement. The economic limit consideration for
  production of individual well in Indonesia is 7
  MW, however for several wells in geothermal
  fields, produces even more much bigger than 7 MW
  (Darajat-2/81.3 MW installed, 2001, have been 38
  MW from single well, Wayang Windu 1/110 MW
  installed 2001, produces 40 MW from single well,
  Wayang Windu 2/110 MW under construction produces
  40 MW from single well.
• (7) Utilization of geothermal resources 30 years
  in operation, drill make up wells as needed

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PROJECT STAGES AND ITS POTENTIAL CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
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RESOURCE / RESERVE POTENTIAL ESTIMATION

• A speculative resource, undiscovered geothermal
  prospect area which identified from preliminary
  exploration, is estimated its resources potential
  using the following formula
• Hel A x Qel
• where
• Hel energy potential (MWe)
• A prospect area (km²)
• Qel power density (MWe/(Km²)
• While for a hypotetive resources, a probable, a
  possible and a proven reserve potentials using
  the following formula
• He Ah (1 ?) ?r x Cr x T ? (?L UL SL
  ?V UV SV)
• where
• He thermal energy (kJ)
• A prospect area (m²)
• h thickness of reservoir (m)
• T temperature of reservoir (ºC)
• SL saturation of liquid (fraction)
• SL saturation of vapor (fraction)
• UL energy of liquid (kJ/kg)

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DERIVATION OF VOLUMETRIC ESTIMATION FOR PROVEN
RESERVE
The initial energy potential
Hei Ah (1 ?) ?r Cr
Ti ? (?L UL SL Pv Uv Sv) The final energy
potential
Hef Ah (1 ?) ?r Cr Tf ? (?L UL SL
?v Uv Sv) The maximum utilization energy
Hth Hei
Hef The real energy utilization
Hde Rf. Hth (kJ)
Hre
Hde

(MWth)

t x 365 x 24 x 3600 x 1000 The
potential energy for t year

Hde p
Hel
(MWe)
t x 365 x 24 x 3600 x
1000 where Ti the initial temperature of
reservoir (ºC) Tr the final temperature of
reservoir (ºC) Hei the initial of energy
potential of rock and fluid (kJ) Hef the
final of energy potential of rock and fluid
Hth the maximum of geothermal energy
(kJ) Hde geothermal potential (MWth) Hre
the maximum of utilizable geothermal energy at
the certain duration (MWth) Hel geothermal
potential (MWe) Rf ability factor
(fraction) t time duration p conversion
to electricity energy (fraction)
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RESULT ESTIMATION
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PRESENT GEOTHERMAL INSTALATION
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UNDER CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
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CONCLUSION

• Potential Estimation Is Dynamic Process

• Example
• Salak Geothermal Field, West Java
• F/S ----- 170 MW proven
• 1994 97 operation ----- 3 x 55 MW
• 1997 2003 operation----- 6 x 55 MW
• 2003/04 now ----- 3 x 60 MW
• up rating turbine 3 x 66.7 MW

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